Green Products Marketing at Moon Co Limited - 4577 Words

Green Products Marketing at Moon Co Limited Green Products Marketing at Moon Co Limited Executive Summary Consumers participate in environmentally friendly activities because they have a desire to become role models in solving environmental problems. They also suppose that they have the authority to assist in the preservation of the environment. As much as consumers indicate positive attitudes towards issues of environment, their concerns do not necessarily lead to environmentally friendly purchasing behaviors. Most consumers do not make their purchase based on environmental concern alone. They are unwilling to trade off some product attributes for a secure and green environment. Moon Co Limited is always perceived as a green company. The company is highly conscious about a green environment. Conversely, considerable proof suggests that the environmental attitudes and values are congruent with the consumers purchasing behaviors towards green products. This research examines what consumers feel about environmental deterioration and what they understand by green products. It also seeks to find out their opinions towards the purchase of green products and provides some marketing recommendations from the findings to be able to market the green products better (Balderjahn, 1988). Table of Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc334567873 Green Products Marketing at Moon Co Limited PAGEREF _Toc334567873 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc334567874 Executive Summary PAGEREFShow MoreRelatedCsr Lego3134 Words   |  13 PagesKirk Kristiansen, initially a small carpenter’s workshop (Lego Group, 2011). It has since grown into a modern, global enterprise that is now, in terms of sales, the world’s fourth-largest manufacturer of toys (Keynote, 2010). The LEGO Groups core product is a line of plastic, interconnecting building bricks, predominantly targeted at children aged 3-14 years, sold in over 130 Countries (Encyclopaedia of Consumer Brands, 1994). The LEGO Group operate globally in the Toys amp; Games sector, with theRead MoreCraft Brewing Economic Analysis10772 Words   |  44 Pages___________________________________________________________________ 6 The Top 10 Craft Breweries in US: _______________________________________________ 7 1. 2. Boston Beer Co. _______________________________________________________________ 7 Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. _____________________________________________________ 7 3. New Belgium Brewing Co. ________________________________________________________ 8 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Spoetzl Brewery ______________________________________________________________Read MoreSakae Sushi Business Plan6612 Words   |  27 PagesNandal (1266) Mayank Bhardwaj (12669440) mayank.bhardwaj@my.jcu.edu.au Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective marketing, sales strategy, target customers, production cost, expenses and capital requirements of Sakae Sushi. It is an in depth report that discusses about the rise of Sakae Sushi as one of Singapore’s major restaurant chains. This report talks about theRead MoreCompetitive Analysis on Real Estate in Dubai4677 Words   |  19 Pagesemphasized in the strategic management literature. Furthermore, the literature review suggests relationships exist between competitive priorities and competitive advantage in business organizations. However, the review of past studies indicate that limited research attempts have been made to investigate the relationships between competitive priorities and competitive advantage among business organizations, particularly among real estate firms. This study attempted to address this research issue by examiningRead MoreHow Starbucks Enter Into the Hong Kong Market5983 Word s   |  24 PagesInternational Marketing Written Report 1 Starbucks – A Coffee Kingdom How it comes to enter into the Hong Kong market? Content Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 An introduction of Starbucks .............................................................................................................. 2 History...........................................................Read MoreApc 3093921 Words   |  16 PagesConcluded in concise small or medium sized organisation should use ABC or not. Chapter one 1.0 Introduction Jessop Ltd is a medium size advertising and public relation which is rapidly growing. It is running by four directors who are well known marketing expert in the industry. Now all directors are thinking to implement new management accounting department. Jessop commissioned me to do analysis how management accountant can help to keep steady growth. So, this study is focused to finding benefitsRead MoreDynamic Corporate Social Responsibility: Apple, Inc.4865 Words   |  20 Pagesinterest of the firm which is required by law† (McWilliams et al. 2006) Both the definitions given highlight the â€Å"voluntary† part of the actions taken by firms, those which go beyond law requirements, and from this starting point Matten and Moon (Matten Moon 2008a) define two types of CSR, â€Å"implicit† and â€Å"explicit†. Implicit CSR reflects the actions taken by the firms to respond to formal and informal institutions for society’s interest, and consists of values, norms, and rules which result in requirementsRead MoreChipotle Mexican Grill Essay3860 Words   |  16 PagesUnited States and CMG can increase this market by having a good marketing campaign. CMG also competes with other food chains which offer healthier ingredients in their menus such as Qdoba, Panera Bread and Moe’s Southwest Grill. So in order to increase visibility over their competitors an ad campaign is advisable. Using Jerome McCarthy’s marketing mix 4-P’s strategy I have outlined a possible advertising campaign for CMG. Product - The focus of the ads should be their healthier ingredients. AmericansRead MoreConverse Analysis6694 Words   |  27 Pagesï » ¿ Company Perspectives: The Company s marketing strategy is targeted on the Converse All Star brand, which is positioned as the American performance brand with authentic sports heritage. The company believes that there are significant opportunities to build the brand, which commands high consumer awareness generated by reason of its 95-year history. The company s consumer research has become an integral part of its product development, advertising campaigns and in-store point ofRead MoreMarketing a New Product Essay5162 Words   |  21 PagesUnit 3 Ââ€" Marketing I am going to produce a marketing strategy for a new product it will include evidence and information of how the strategy is based on the principals of marketing, how I have used primary and secondary resources. I will be analysing the impact of my product on the external environment and they way I am going to analyse the marketing context and an appropriate strategy. To meet my customers needs I will need to develop a coherent mix of strategies. Cadburys World Cadburys

Children With Intellectual Disabilities Should Be Educated

Summary Students with an intellectual disability have been educated separate from students in general education classrooms for quite some time. Over time, many countries have adopted children with intellectual disabilities being educated in the general education classrooms. However, major differences can be seen in the utilization of inclusive education not only across countries, but even across the same country. United Nations Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities support the idea that students with intellectual disabilities should be educated in general education classrooms. Switzerland is a country in which is less inclusive. In most Swiss provinces, majority of students with ID attend special schools or special classes†¦show more content†¦Numerous studies have demonstrated that the attitudes of typically developing students toward persons with disability become more positive as a result of the inclusion of children with disability (Maikowski Podlesh, 2009; Sipe rstein, Norins, Mohler, 2007). Despite the benefits, parents, teachers, and decision-makers are often worried by the possibility of negative effects of the inclusion of children with disability on the academic achievement of students without disability (Brackenreed, 2008; Peck, Carlson, Helmstetter, 1992; Subban Sharma, 2006). Kalambouka, Farrell, Dyson and Kaplan (2007) conducted a systematic review of the research on placing students with various special education needs (SEN) in general education classrooms on the academic achievement of students without disability. The findings of the studies were reported as being classified as positive, negative and neutral outcomes. 12 studies were found reporting neutral academic achievement, four reporting positive academic achievement and none reporting negative academic achievement outcomes. Rujis and Peetsma (2009) reported on four studies focused on the impact of including students with SEN on the academicShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Disabilities Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesIn reading chapter 8 on intellectual disabilities, I found that the field of intellectual disabilities has developed throughout the years. The term intellectual disabilities and mental retardation are used interchangeably. The term â€Å"mental retardation† is the federal definition used by IDEA, however many states today do not use the term. Many people do not use the term mental retardation because of its history. Long ago, students who were known to have â€Å"mental retardation† were put in special schoolsRead MoreThe Article Implications For Cld Children With Disabilities 868 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals’ the freedom to express their thoughts and make decisions on the basis of their own basis. The article â€Å"Implications for CLD children with disabilities†, explains the significance of creating and implementing a society for children with cultural linguistic diversities and intellectual disabilities. In the United States it is imperative that our youth is to become educated, and obtain a degree of sorts. However for the families that suffer with culture shock as their child is adapting to the socialRead MorePeter Lives With An Intellectual Disability Caused By Down Syndrome1466 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming an adult was everything but a straightforward task for him. Peter lives with an intellectual disability caused by Down Syndrome. This diagnosis is a genetic disorder caused by chromosome pair twenty-one that often results in severe developmental and intellectual delays. Additionally, Peter has issues with a hyperactive thyroid, bursts of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, depression, and developmental issues that caused a severe delay in his speech. Due to these several health issues, he hasRead MoreSped Team1094 Words   |  5 P agesGrand Canyon University SPED Team Intellectual disabilities (ID) in education require proper planning, collaboration, communication, accommodations, modified lessons, and detailed individualized instructions. Intellectual disabilities affect many aspect of a person daily life with a variety of emotional, mental, social, and physical characteristics (Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, n.d.). Intellectual disabilities are also known as mental retardation (National Institute ofRead MorePhysical Exercise and Cognitive Functioning in Children1691 Words   |  7 Pageslook at if physical exercise will help the healthy cognitive development in children and adolescence and this paper will illustrate that the same facts are true for children and adolescence, and will stress the importance of exercise for children optimal brain development and growth. The current studies show that physical activity has a positive effect on attention, neuroplasticity and intellectual development in children and adolescence. The studies also s eem to show the importance of physical activityRead MoreF Time : Family Life Cycle Transition Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagestransition is a non-normative event that happens outside the expected life cycle and may cause trauma or a conflict to the family of the child with the disability. These events that happen are known as unexpected transitions which are experienced at an unanticipated or unusual time during the life cycle transition of a family who have a child with disabilities (Turnbull, Turnbull, Erwin, Soodak, Shogren, 2011). For example the demise of an older person may be considered a natural part of the life cycleRead MoreWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion? Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesgoals and objectives of IDEA and No Child Left Behind Act. NCLB was enacted to ensure that all children have a fair, equal and significant opportunity to obtain high quality education. The problem arises, however, when children with disabilities have to take the same test as stu dents without disabilities. Savich stated that critics argue that this goal is unrealistic, and unfair. Students with disabilities cannot do well on these standardized tests. The results will be lowering of their self esteemRead MoreEducational Education And Special Education1556 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, 89% of children with moderate learning difficulties, 24% of children with severe learning difficulties and 18% of children with profound multiple learning difficulties are educated in mainstream schools. Something so prevalent must surely be effective. However, that is not always the case. It’s disheartening watching these mainstreamed students struggle socially and academically. Either looked over or coddled by general educationRead MoreDisability On The Ontario Disability Support Plan1450 Words   |  6 Pagesgiven to individual who are on the Ontario Disability Support Plan (ODSP), as they do not get a lot of money to begin with. The cost of living for an individual with a disability is a lot higher than someone who is abled-bodied. ODSP never considers where that individual is living, depending if rent is higher in the city, more than half the money they receive monthly goes to rent and leave little to nothing for food and other cost. Learning about disability issues has broadened my previous knowledgeRead MoreSocial, Emotional and Intellectual Research Paper728 Words   |  3 Pagesexperiences and relationships with others have mayor impacts in how a child develops in these areas. Children are guided by emotions and social interactions. Consequently, these connections will guide their cognitive development. NAEYC states â€Å"that optimal development and learning in the early years will most likely occur when children establish positive and caring relationships with adults and other children† (Bredekamp Copple, 2009). Emotions make every person unique and original, they make us who

Response Paper On Kill A Mockingbird - 4156 Words

Roselyn Sharma Thursday, June 5, 2014 Honors English 10 Summer Work: Response Journal To Kill a Mockingbird Reading Section 1: Chapters 1-3 Issue: Education Active Reader Strategy: Making Predictions Quote: By the way, Scout, you d better not say anything at school about our agreement (31). Response: In the first section of reading, Scout, also known as Jean Louise Finch, lives in the 1930 s during the time of the Great Depression. She lives with her father, Atticus, brother, Jem, and cook, Calpurnia. Scout and Jem meet a guest at their neighbors house who is staying in the town of Maycomb, Alabama every summer from then on. His name is Dill and he is around the same age are Scout, six years old. They talk about a house that is in their neighborhood constantly. A man named Mr. Radley lived there with his wife and two sons for a very long. The kids were talking about how he bought cotton. This was supposed to be a polite term for doing nothing. They continue to talk together telling Dill all the things that happen in this small, sleepy town. Then the book fast forwards to them saying goodbye to Dill because he was going home. Once Dill leaves it was almost time for Scout and Jem to start school again in a few days. On the first day of school Jem drops Scout off to her first grade class. He explains to her not to come to him in recess. He will stay with his fifth grade class and she will stay with her class. Scout was aShow MoreRelated Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird In the early twentieth century, the United States was undergoing a dramatic social change. Slavery had been abolished decades before, but the southern states were still attempting to restrict social interaction among people of different races. In particular, blacks were subject to special Jim Crow laws which restricted their rights and attempted to keep the race inferior to whites. Even beyond these laws, however, blacks were feeling the pressure of prejudiceRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton1373 Words   |  6 Pagescommunities, families, and individuals. It was a social concern that came under increasing attack and response as apartheid reached its zenith in the middle of the 20th century. It was not unlike segregation and the Jim Crow mentality that prevailed in the United States; with its ancient roots and adverse effects. Indeed, one is curiously reminded of Harper Lee’s well known novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, and its role in trying to formulate an esca pe from that system. An escape with various routes, butRead MoreThe Importance Of Communication And Parents Or Guardians By Making A Good Impression From The First Contact911 Words   |  4 Pageseasier for you to send the information and for the parents to receive it in a timely manner. 2. In my observation classroom, the teacher likes to use guided questions to facilitate class discussion. Currently, the 8th graders are reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Sometimes it is good to begin on the comprehension level to make sure that the students understand the plot of the story before asking them further questions about analysis. She will then ask them what conclusions they draw from the text andRead MoreThe Common Core State Standard For Language Arts3444 Words   |  14 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: Modern Day Parallels, Evolution of Compassion, and Guide to Leadership The Common Core State Standard for Language Arts, which is the current standards observed by North Carolina, determines the particular proficiency students need in order to be prepared for their academic and professional futures according to the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. They add that some of these skills include, but are not limited to critical thinking skills, literacy skillsRead MoreThe Internet Is The Main Source For Information And Education986 Words   |  4 Pageswrite an autobiography. I thought and thought of what to write. Finally, my pen went to work and my autobiography rough draft was finished in less than 20 minutes. That night, my dad proofread my paper. Unfortunately, he found many errors. Those errors he pointed out to me were â€Å"text talk†. I was writing my paper like I was texting someone, and I never realized what I was doing. My sentences were not complete, and my grammar was horrible. That is the day that I needed to do so mething about my grammarRead MoreFarewell to Manzanar Novell Analysis Essay3943 Words   |  16 Pagesand a wilted white shirt. This was September 1942. He had been gone nine months. He had aged ten years. He looked over sixty, gaunt, wilted as his shirt, underweight, leaning on that cane and favoring his right leg. pg. 41 7. In our family the response to this news was hardly joyful. For one thing we had no home to return to. Worse, the very thought of going back to the West Coast filled us with dread. pg. 115 8. What are you looking at? Shes an American citizen. Shes got as much rightRead MoreTeaching Middle and High School Students Literature7100 Words   |  29 Pagesaccomplish this, an educator should write the selection title or topic on the chalkboard. Ask students to explain what they know about the topic or title. Allow students to respond orally, in writing, by drawing an illustration or acting out their responses. An educator needs to build upon the students knowledge by giving some background information on the topic or title. Building background knowledge is the act of providing information or experiences to the students prior to reading the story. Read MoreBook Report On Kill A Mockingbird 9802 Words   |  40 Pages LOG ENTRIES (TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD) Chapters 1-2 The chapters 1 and 2 of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the story begins at the beginning of summer, with the introduction of Scout and Jem two kids trying to enjoy to dog-days of summer in the plain and simple town of Maycomb. Their summer stays this way until they meet a boy by the name of Dill; Dill, Scout, and Jim play together by reenacting scenes from famous movies like Dracula. But when Dill hears about the legend of the Radley’s and thereRead MoreThe House On Mango Street, By Harper Lee2003 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout every life, humans experience a rite of passage where they encounter transformative events that allow them to develop and grow towards adulthood. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and Sandra Cisneros’ The House on Mango Street both express this maturation and development from naivety. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem Finch lives in Maycomb, Alabama, a community gripped by racist attitudes during the Great Depression. In several childhoo d experiences, Jem grows after realizing the true characterRead MoreMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 Pageschoose to research it for themselves. Mantsios back himself up by using more than one source to prove his theory about test scores and what class you are in. Whether you choose to believe him or not, the reality is the facts are there, written on the paper right in front of your eyes. He also backs his theory by giving examples of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“some typical lifestyles and some not so typical lifestylesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which means he shows you a complete profile of a persons life including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mother and fathers name and occupation

To Start Off, I Thought I Had Signed Up For Group Dynamics,

To start off, I thought I had signed up for group dynamics, I know that sounds dumb, but when rushing to find six classes that fit your schedule so that you’re able to graduate on time, it happens. The first day of class, I was expecting something completely different. One of our first instructions was to make a name tag and when asked to put the pronouns we preferred I was incredibly confused. I thought, â€Å"isn’t that obvious? I’m a female.† As I looked around the room I realized it was not only rude to believe that, it was ignorant of me to believe that. As I read others name tags, I realized that this was an incredibly important assignment, because half the pronouns I assumed for some of my classmates would have been incorrect. The next†¦show more content†¦After that first class, we had to read the APA Transgender pamphlet, I not only read the pamphlet, I sent it to my family because they were not as blessed as I was to actually take this c lass. Furthermore, I have learned how many genders there actually are! For that I have The Gender Book to thank. Within the book it discusses multiple gender such as asexual, cisgender, transgender, intersex and so forth. One of the best and most important parts of this class was truly learning the definitions and proper words for certain genders. As I had stated in a previous journal, I had never known the proper word for intersex, the words I knew that were suppose to represent an individual who was intersex were cruel and hurtful and I had only heard of this gender in sick jokes. Through interviews and readings, I learned how common it is for an individual to be intersex. I learned about individuals who had their genders decided for them at birth, which was usually actually a mistake on the surgeons part. I learned that multiple individuals had to live a lie and had to feel confused and lost due to a doctor making the wrong call such as David from As Nature Made Him. A poor young man who was not able to live his life to the fullest because of the mental scars he was left with due to a botched surgery. After the multiple readings about David and the main book we had to read, but especially theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Deaf By Mark Drolsbaugh Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesbecoming deaf in both a hearing and deaf world. It includes the awkwardness and un-comfortability he felt in hearing environments, within is personal family dynamic and in deaf safe havens where he learned to adjust, and grow for the betterment of him learning ASL and in general, becoming emerged within Deaf culture. Drolsbaugh starts the book off by introducing how life for deaf people, even when giving birth, can be a struggle (due to society not being well informed on how to effectively communicateRead MoreA Research Study On Bullies And Victims1301 Words   |  6 Pagesbullying may seem like something that should not be taken seriously. It is quite often taken as part of growing u p, joking, and as not having lasting effects. Many times we brush it off as nothing serious and look the other way. If you place yourself in the shoes of the victim, the issue is in fact not a joke, but surreally serious. I have been bullied in junior high school when I moved from Thailand to United States and did not know how to speak English. Being personally targeted by othersRead MoreThe Aesthetic Qualities Of A Musical Selection From Space Odyssey1568 Words   |  7 PagesI’ve had a great interest in all sorts of music. I appreciate and enjoy listening to classical, opera, rap, hip-hop, country, contemporary and Mexican music. When I signed up for Music Appreciation, I was excited to learn more about the history of music and the instruments used. I wanted to learn what to listen for and how to understand the different types of music. There are many styles of music from different eras. After taking notes on a variety of listening exercises from different eras, I unde rstandRead MoreSchool Bullying: An Analysis and Recommendations1765 Words   |  7 PagesBullying As we become more educated as a society, we become more aware and willing to admit that the incidents of bullying are indeed damaging; the explanation that kids will be kids and that torment between children is just another aspect of growing up simply does not suffice any more as an acceptable answer for bad behavior. Furthermore, there is much evidence to suggest that bullying is on the rise. Peer abuse has always existed at school, but the kinds of kids who are harassing others have changedRead MoreDramatic Life Of Lebron James1876 Words   |  8 Pageship is jacked up worse than the Cavs thought? †¦ Kevin Love’s shoulder? Irving’s knee? Dwyane Wade’s knee? For that matter, Larry Hughes’ foot? Guys go down next to James year after year, yet very little has stopped the party since 2007 -- and not at all since 2010. And while a whole lot of people got their knickers twisted when Cleveland temporarily braked the deal, the end result was as good as anyone in Northern Ohio could expect, given the complete lack of leverage the Cavaliers had once Irving’sRead MoreNegotiating-Across-the-Pacific3050 Words   |  13 Pagesstyles of doing business, and also individual parties not conforming to the business methodology that they were accustomed to, i.e. Mr. Tang should have informed Mrs. Ming that he was not dealing directly with the manufacturer and Mr. Smith should have signed a contract with Dr. Fisher. 3.1.1 Relationship Building Relationship building is the process of getting to know the people whom you are dealing with or plan to deal with, and also build a mutual trust before starting on business discussions andRead MoreManaging and leading people3089 Words   |  13 Pagesindividual level The group level The organisational level * Distinguishing between Leadership and Management Managers and leaders are they different? How can managers maximize the output of the organisation? What do leaders really do? * The essence of Organisational behaviour Human resource What makes managing people so difficult? Their impact on the organisation Why have they become a key part of the modern age manager/leader? * Success in business and the dynamics of cultural change Read MoreMilitary 3000 Word Rbi on Parking Your Military Police Patrol Vehicle3053 Words   |  13 Pages3000 word RBI on why I should back my vehicle into a parking spot Here is what happened. I pv2 stein was on patrol in Schweinfurt Germany on 19 April 2010. I went to work at 1345 like usual for a swing shift. We started guard mount and then we went out to PMCS our vehicles as we always do. I had vehicle 753 for the day so I started my PMCS on that vehicle. I started by checking all of the fluids in the vehicle. I checked all the fluids including the oil and windshield washer fluid. Everything wasRead More Ecotourism in South American Countries Essay3767 Words   |  16 Pagespotential mining, logging, and ranching enterprises. That economy is ecotourism. The following paper displays some of the pros and cons of ecotourism and the possibilities for establishing ecotourism economies in indigenous environments. Themes I will address include: †¢ History of ecotourism/ why it should be supported †¢ Moving tourism toward â€Å"ethnotourism† as a way of focusing on native culture †¢ Landscapes and lures for the ecotourist †¢ Ethical questions in ecotourism †¢ Effects of ecotourismRead More Asian Americans in the Classroom Essay4678 Words   |  19 PagesClassroom Asians are one of fastest growing minority groups in America today. During this century, various factors at home and abroad have caused people from Asia to immigrate to the United States for better or for worse. Due to these factors, Americans and American teachers, in particular, need to educate themselves and become aware of the Asian American students’ needs in terms of success and happiness. Before beginning my research, I felt I had an easy subject: studying Asian Americans in relation

Sociology for Marxian Idea of Egalitarianism -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theSociology for Marxian Idea of Egalitarianism. Answer: Introduction The term egalitarian society refers to such a social construct in which there is no evidence of inequality or discrimination in any aspect. An egalitarian society is expected to take care of the poor and weak members, treat all of its members with equal dignity, and provide equal opportunities for all, irrespective of caste, class, gender, age and economic status. This type of societies discourages any kind of discrimination and works towards creating an environment, where equality is promoted. The society strives to achieve equal distribution and opportunities with respect to income, skills, capacities, affordability and freedom (Hirose, 2014). Marxian Idea of Egalitarianism Marxism believes that the advent of revolution is required and is evident which will establish a socialistic construct and will eventually result in a communist structure. Marx did not accept egalitarianism as a mere societal sub-ordination to one universal interest. He believed in a classlessness where the residents are entitled to get the privileges and opportunities not according to their abilities but according to what they need (Veneziani, 2012). Egalitarianism and Australian Society The society of Australia is widely considered as one of the primary promoters of the egalitarian construct of living. The country, as believed by many, has worked significantly, in reducing discriminations in an overall framework. The country, being one of the global leaders in the economic scenario, has also succeeded in different societal and welfare aspects. The country has reduced gender discriminations substantially, increased the overall participation in attaining higher education, has recorded sustained period of lowering unemployment and the prosperity of the economy has to some extent seen to be percolated to the low income and less privileged sections of the society (Grant et al., 2012). The country, apparently, does not have any class based or income based stratification and is said to be striving to achieve a society there is no class-based struggle and the significance and contribution of all the residents are equally valued. The taxation and the budgetary system of the economy are such that they promote equality in distribution of welfare in the society by taxing the poor less and the rich more. This indicates towards the presence of egalitarianism in the society and also to some extent relates to the Marxian view of an equal society (Saunders Wong, 2013). However, the country being primarily capitalistic and with the provisions of private properties, in reality cannot associate with the views of Marx. Also the society of Australia, though taken to be egalitarian per se, if studied carefully shows several loopholes, which are discussed in the following sections. Drawbacks In the recent social scenario in the country, several issues are cropping up, which are challenging the existence of egalitarian society. Some of which are as follows: Much of the traditional political goals of the country, of attaining equal welfare for all, are being challenged in the recent times due to the presence of hostility and intoxication in the Federal Coalition which, by taking control of the economy is intervening in the traditional areas and giving rise to radicalism in society as a whole. The second factor contributing to the slipping of egalitarianism from the society is the recent threat of unemployment. Unemployment, as discussed above had decreased substantially in the past few decades with new opportunities coming in thereby increasing the welfare of the residents in general. However, the recent polarization in the employment sector has led to creation of employed poor. These people, though employed, are not enjoying a life of standard quality. Much of it is attributed to underemployment, low payment, casual types of jobs and lack of entitlement to the facilities which a proper employee should be eligible to receive. The labor market is also getting distorted due to the increasing burden of dependency ration in the economy (Mays Marston, 2016). The geographical location differences are also contributing to the distortions in quality of life as much of the status and employment scopes are not available to those families which are living in the remote areas, with third world conditions prevailing in many of these remote areas. This indicates towards a prevalence of inequality with respect to employment and service opportunities in the economy. If seen minutely, a dualistic trend can be seen to be developing in the education and health sectors of the country also, with two types of privileges, one for rich and one for the poorer section. The residents are not much trustful when the government is concerned and there exist an attitude of materialism and competitive way of operating, these two being highly contrasting to the characteristics of an egalitarian society (Cole, 2014). Conclusion and Recommendation From the above discussion, it is evident that the societal construct of Australia, though boasts to be a staunch egalitarian one, in the recent times, are showing several dominating traits, which are not at par with the requirements of an egalitarian society. The country, in order to achieve back their title of one of the most successful egalitarian society, needs to work on increasing their social mobility and work on designing policies which help in expanding the capacities of the people in general. The society should emphasize on increasing equal distribution of facilities like education, skill, transport and employment, especially focusing on those who suffer highly from the affordability issues and for doing this the government can draw resources from the exiting pro-rich development policies. References Cole, B. (2014). Egalitarianism.Guardian (Sydney), (1648), 7. Grant, S., Kajii, A., Polak, B., Safra, Z. (2012). Equally-distributed equivalent utility, ex post egalitarianism and utilitarianism.Journal of Economic Theory,147(4), 1545-1571. Hirose, I. (2014).Egalitarianism. Routledge. Mays, J., Marston, G. (2016). Reimagining equity and egalitarianism: The basic income debate in Australia.J. Soc. Soc. Welfare,43, 9. Saunders, P., Wong, M. (2013). Examining Australian attitudes to inequality and redistribution.The Journal of Australian Political Economy, (71), 51. Veneziani, R. (2012). Analytical Marxism.Journal of Economic Surveys,26(4), 649-673.

Data Warehouses, Decision Support and Data Mining free essay sample

This paper provides an overview of data warehousing and OLAP technologies by using back end tools for extracting, cleaning and loading data into a data warehouse; multidimensional data models typical of OLAP; front end client tools for querying and data analysis; server extensions for efficient query processing, with an emphasis on Applications for Data Warehouses such as Decision Support Systems (DSS), On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) and Data Mining to deliver advanced capabilities. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Data Warehousing Architecture and End-to-End Process 3. Decision support Back End Tools and Utilities 4. Conceptual Model and Front End Tools 5. OLTP Database Design Methodology 6. Data Mining a. Goals of Data Mining b. Data Mining Applications c. Standard data mining process d. CRISP-Data Mining process 7. Phases in the DM Process: CRISP-DM 8. Conclusion 9. References Chapter 1 Introduction Data warehousing is a collection of decision support technologies, aimed at enabling the knowledge workers such as executive, manager, analysts to make better and faster decisions. Data warehousing technologies have been successfully deployed in many industries such as manufacturing for order shipment and customer support, retail for user profiling and inventory management, financial services for claims analysis, risk analysis, credit card analysis, and fraud detection, transportation (for fleet management), telecommunications (for call analysis and fraud detection), utilities (for power usage analysis), and healthcare (for outcomes analysis). This paper presents a roadmap of data warehousing technologies, focusing on the special requirements that data warehouses place on database management systems (DBMSs). A data warehouse is a â€Å"subject-oriented, integrated, time- varying, non-volatile collection of data that is used primarily in organizational decision making. † Typically, the data warehouse is maintained separately from the organization’s operational databases. There are many reasons for doing this. The data warehouse supports on-line analytical processing (OLAP), the functional and performance requirements of which are quite different from those of the on-line transaction processing (OLTP) applications traditionally supported by the operational databases . OLTP applications typically automate clerical data processing tasks such as order entry and banking transactions that are essential day-to-day operations of an organization. These tasks are structured and repetitive, and consist of short, atomic, isolated transactions. The transactions require detailed, up-to-date data, and read or update a few (tens of) records accessed typically on their primary keys. The size of Operational databases ranges from hundreds of megabytes to gigabytes in size. Consistency and recoverability of the database are critical, and maximizing transaction throughput is the key performance metric. Consequently, the database is designed to reflect the operational semantics of known applications, and, in particular, to minimize concurrency conflicts. Data warehouses, in contrast, are targeted for decision support. Historical, summarized and consolidated data is more important than detailed, individual records. Since data warehouses contain consolidated data, perhaps from several operational databases, over potentially long periods of time, they tend to be orders of magnitude larger than operational databases; enterprise data warehouses are projected to be hundreds of gigabytes to terabytes in size. The workloads are query intensive with mostly ad hoc, complex queries that can access millions of records and perform a lot of scans, joins, and aggregates. Query throughput and response times are more important than transaction throughput. To facilitate complex analyses and visualization, the data in a warehouse is typically modeled multidimensionally. For example, in a sales data warehouse, time of sale, sales district, salesperson, and product might be some of the dimensions of interest. Often, these dimensions are hierarchical; time of sale may be organized as a day-month-quarter-year hierarchy, product as a product-category-industry hierarchy. Many organizations want to implement an integrated enterprise warehouse that collects information about all subjects (e. g. , customers, products, sales, assets, personnel) spanning the whole organization. However, building an enterprise warehouse is a long and complex process, requiring extensive business modeling, and may take many years to succeed. Some organizations re settling for data marts instead, which are departmental subsets focused on selected subjects (e. g. , a marketing data mart may include customer, product, and sales information). These data marts enable faster roll out, since they do not require enterprise-wide consensus, but they may lead to complex integration problems in the long run, if a complete business model is not developed. Data Mining may be viewed as automated search procedures for discovering c redible and actionable insights from large volumes of high dimensional data. Often, there is emphasis upon symbolic learning and modeling methods (i. . techniques that produce interpretable results), and data management methods (for providing scalable techniques for large data volumes). Data Mining employs techniques from statistics, pattern recognition, and machine learning. Many of these methods are also frequently used in vision, speech recognition, image processing, handwriting recognition, and natural language understanding. However, the issues of scalability and automated business intelligence solutions drive much of and differentiate data mining from the other applications of machine learning and statistical modeling. Chapter2 Data Warehousing Architecture and End-to-End Process Figure 1. Data Warehousing Architecture It includes tools for extracting data from multiple operational databases and external sources; for cleaning, transforming and integrating this data; for loading data into the data warehouse; and for periodically refreshing the warehouse to reflect updates at the sources and to purge data from the warehouse, perhaps onto slower archival storage. In addition to the main warehouse, there may be several departmental data marts. Data in the warehouse and data marts is stored and managed by one or more warehouse servers, which present multidimensional views of data to a variety of front end tools: query tools, report writers, analysis tools, and data mining tools. Finally, there is a repository for storing and managing metadata,and tools formonitoring and administering the warehousing system. The warehouse may be distributed for load balancing, scalability, and higher availability. In such a distributed architecture, the metadata repository is usually replicated with each fragment of the warehouse, and the entire warehouse is administeredcentrally. Analternative architecture, implemented for expediency when it may be too expensive to construct a single logically integrated enterprise warehouse, is a federation of warehouses or data marts, each with its own repository and decentralized administration. Chapter 3 Decision support Back End Tools and Utilities Data warehousing systems use a variety of data extraction and cleaning tools, and load and refresh utilities for populating warehouses. Data extraction from â€Å"foreign† sources is usually implemented via gateways and standard interfaces (such as Information Builders EDA/SQL, ODBC, Oracle Open Connect, Sybase Enterprise Connect, Informix Enterprise Gateway). Data Cleaning Since a data warehouse is used for decision making, it is important that the data in the warehouse be correct. However, since large volumes of data from multiple sources are involved, there is a high probability of errors and anomalies in the data.. Therefore, tools that help to detect data anomalies and correct them can have a high payoff. Some examples where data cleaning becomes necessary are: inconsistentfield lengths, inconsistentdescriptions, inconsistent value assignments, missing entries and violation of integrity constraints. Not surprisingly, optional fields in data entry forms are significant sources of inconsistent data. Load After extracting, cleaning and transforming, data must be loaded into the warehouse. Additional preprocessing may still erequired:checkingintegrityconstraints;sorting; summarization, aggregation and other computation to build the derived tables stored in the warehouse; building indices and other access paths; and partitioning to multiple target storage areas. Typically, batch load utilities are used for this purpose. In addition to populating the warehouse, a load utility must allow the system administrator to monitor status, to cancel, suspend and resume a load, and to restart after failure wit h no loss of data integrity. The load utilities for data warehouses have to deal with much larger data volumes than for operational databases. There is only a small time window (usually at night) when the warehouse can be taken offline to refresh it. Sequential loads can take a very long time, e. g. , loading a terabyte of data can take weeks and months! Hence, pipelined and partitioned parallelism are typically exploited . Doing a full load has the advantage that it can be treated as a long batch transaction that builds up a new database. While it is in progress, the current database can still support queries; when the load transaction commits, the current database is replaced with the new one. Using periodic checkpoints ensures that if a failure occurs during the load, the process can restart from the last checkpoint. Refresh Refreshing a warehouse consists in propagating updates on source data to correspondingly update the base data and derived data stored in the warehouse. There are two sets of issues to consider: when to refresh, and how to refresh. Usually, the warehouse is refreshed periodically (e. g. , daily or weekly). Only if some OLAP queries need current data (e. g. , up to the minute stock quotes), is it necessary to propagate every update. The refresh policy is set by the warehouse administrator, depending on user needs and traffic, and may be different for different sources. Refresh techniques may also depend on the characteristics of the source and the capabilities of the database servers. Extracting an entire source file or database is usually too expensive, but may be the only choice for legacy data sources. Most contemporary database systems provide replication servers that support incremental techniques for propagating updates from a primary database to one or more replicas. Such replicationservers can be usedto incrementally refresh a warehouse when the sources change. There are two basic replication techniques: data shipping and transaction shipping. In data shipping (e. g. , used in the Oracle Replication Server, Praxis OmniReplicator), a table in the warehouse is treated as a remote snapshot of a table in the source database. After_row triggers are used to update a snapshot log table whenever the source table changes; and an automatic refresh schedule (or a manual refresh procedure) is then set up to propagate the updated data to the remote snapshot. In transaction shipping (e. g. , used in the Sybase Replication Server and Microsoft SQL Server), the regular transaction log is used, instead of triggers and a special snapshot log table. At the source site, the transaction log is sniffed to detect updates on replicated tables, and those log records are transferred to a replication server, which packages up the corresponding transactions to update the replicas. Transaction shipping has the advantage that it does not require triggers, which can increase the workload on the operational source databases. However, it cannot always be used easily across DBMSs from different vendors, because there are no standard APIs for accessing the transaction log. Such replication servers have been used for refreshing data warehouses. However, the refresh cycles have to be properly chosen so that the volume of data does not overwhelm the incremental load utility. In addition to propagating changes to the base data in the warehouse, the derived data also has to be updated correspondingly. The problem of constructing logically correct updates for incrementally updating derived data (materialized views) has been the subject of much research . For data warehousing, the most significant classes of derived data are summary tables, single-table indices and join indices. Chapter 4 Conceptual Model and Front End Tools A popular conceptual model that influences the front-end tools, database design, and the query engines for OLAP is the multidimensional view of data in the warehouse. In a multidimensional data model, there is a set of numeric measures that are the objects of analysis. Examples of such measures are sales, budget, revenue, inventory, ROI (return on investment). Each of the numeric measures depends on a set of dimensions, which provide the context for the measure. For example, the dimensions associated with a sale amount can be the city, product name, and the date when the sale was made. The dimensions together are assumed to uniquely determine the measure. Thus, the multi-dimensional data views a measure as a value in the multidimensional space of dimensions. Each dimension is described by a set of attributes. For example, the Product dimension may consist of four attributes: the category and the industry of the product, year of its introduction, and the average profit margin. Figure2 Another distinctive feature of the conceptual model for OLAP is its stress on aggregation of measures by one or more dimensions as one of the key operations; e. g. , computing and ranking the total sales by each county (or by each year). Other popular operations include comparing two measures (e. g. , sales and budget) aggregated by the same dimensions. Time is a dimension that is of particular significance to decision support (e. g. , trend analysis). Often, it is desirable to have built-in knowledge of calendars and other aspects of the time dimension. Front End Tools The multidimensional data model grew out of the view of business data popularized by PC spreadsheet programs that were extensively used by business analysts. The spreadsheet is still the most compelling front-end application for OLAP. The challenge in supporting a query environment for OLAP can be crudely summarized as that of supporting spreadsheet operations efficiently over large multi-gigabyte databases. One of the popular operations that aresupportedbythemultidimensional spreadsheet application is pivoting. Consider the multidimensional schema of Figure 2 represented in a spreadsheet where each row corresponds to a sale . Let there be one column for each dimension and an extra column that represents the amount of sale. The simplest view of pivoting is that it selects two dimensions that are used to aggregate a measure, e. g. , sales in the above example. The aggregated values are often displayed in a grid where each value in the (x,y) coordinate corresponds to the aggregated value of the measure when the first dimension has the value x and the second dimension has the value y. Thus, in our example, if the selected dimensions are city and year, then the x-axis may represent all values of city and the y-axis may represent the years. The point (x,y) will represent the aggregated sales for city x in the year y. Thus, what were values in the original spreadsheets have now become row and column headers in the pivoted spreadsheet. Other operators related to pivoting are rollup or drill-down. Rollup corresponds to taking the current data object and doing a further group-by on one of the dimensions. Thus, it is possible to roll-up the sales data, perhaps already aggregated on city, additionally by product.