Personal Narrative My Friend Olivia - 807 Words

Me and my friend Olivia, or Oli, are best friends. We met five years ago, and then, we thought that we were so disagreeable. Or at least, that’s what I thought. I always got into fights with Oli, until I realized that Olivia wasn’t exactly what I thought. Eventually she got so bored with me that we actually started to be nice, which then carried on to our friendship. One day, when I was a Sophomore at Broomfield High School, in Colorado, I stood next to the oven, waiting for the cupcakes I had just made. I answered my phone. â€Å"Hello? - Yes - No, I’m just, baking cupcakes - k bye.† I hung up and run outside. â€Å"Jackson! Come on! We’re going to meet Dad at the lacrosse game in Denver!† I waited for an answer. â€Å"Dude! Come on! It’s in five†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I wasn’t asking you like that Ellie,† She said, walking down the sidewalk. After I had brought the ball out of the road, I gave it back to Lily and Chase. â€Å"Why were you fighting?† Lily asked. All I said was, â€Å"Me and Olivia aren’t very good friends.† â€Å"But she was being nice,† Chase said as I walked inside. Later, Inside, i continued my research. I had only found one girls team, and I was searching for my dad to tell him about what I found. I called him. â€Å"Hello - yeah it’s Ellie - I’ve been thinking about playing lacrosse, and I found a Broomfield team - they’re on Tuesdays and Thursdays - yeah, can I sign up? - Thanks! - Bye!† In the car, after I went to Dick’s Sporting Goods, I pulled into the driveway and stopped the car. I grabbed my new lacrosse gear and walked inside. â€Å"Ellie, can you play football with me?† My brother Chase asked. â€Å"Maybe later,† I dropped my stuff and walked back into the garage. I got my bike and rode it out of the garage. I was riding down our road, staring at a small tree when I turned for a car and†¦ â€Å"Ow! I said, getting up. I had hit a fencepost on the sidewalk, and my bike had fallen in a the river next to the road. I groaned. I had to jump into the cold river and get my bike. When I got a hold on my bike, I saw that Olivia had jumped in the river too, and was helping me get out of the dirty water. â€Å"Thanks Olivia,† I said carefully. â€Å"Your welcome,† she said. â€Å"Hey Ellie, um, can I hang out with you on Tuesday?† I thought for aShow MoreRelated Celies Pain in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesNettie being the closest thing to a best friend that Celie has at this point. Nettie is the only person in Celies life who cares enough about her to stand up to their father. The first time I got big Pa took me out of school. He never care that I love it. He say You too dumb to keep going to school. But Pa, Nettie say, crying, Celie smart too. Even Miss Beasley say so. Nettie gets Miss Beasley to go to the house to convince Pa She see how tight my dress is, she stop talking and go Read MoreA Picture Of My Life - Personal Narrative Essay examples1222 Words   |  5 PagesA Picture Of My Life - Personal Narrative Over the years we had just grown apart. For many years we were best friends, then she was moved up a year, and we slowly parted. I remember how scared I was on my first day at the school we went to. She was so nice to me, looked after me. We use to go out into the playground and play on all the apparatus. There was a climbing house, where you could climb round the outside. Olivia and I were the only people in the school whoRead MoreCOM3703 Portfolio examination3326 Words   |  14 Pages I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work , except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/ 301 regarding technical and presentation requirements , referencing techniques and plagiarism. Tebogo Shweni 02.05 .2014 Witness: Thabang Mashika UNIQUE ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 835431 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 QUANTITATIVERead More Mark Twain Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pages Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction. Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in American literature. His varied works include novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and essays. His writings about the Mississippi River, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have proven especially popular among modern readers. I feel that many of Mark Twains writingsRead MoreEssay about Samuel Clemens in Buffalo: A Woman and an Artist6035 Words   |  25 Pagesmaterial—tickled my historical sensibilities. Nearly immediately, I began to speculate why America’s most famous writer would migrate to Buffalo. After I discarded my first ideas—the weather, the Buffalo Bills, the efficiency and effectiveness of our local political leaders—I concluded it must be because of a woman. Indeed, my early research echoed this assumption, reinforcing my interest in Twain’s experience here and inspiring the first section of this paper. When furthering my research, I developedRead MoreMaking Sence of Homonegativity10662 Words   |  43 Pagesindividuals with a means of expressing personal values important to them. Empirical support for the operation of this function is offered by research examining the relationship between homonegative attitudes and endorsement of religious and traditional gender ideologies (e.g., Morrison Morrison 2002; Wilkinson 2004b). The social-expressive function of homonegativity is that derogating gay men and lesbian women may allow a person to gain approval from their families and friends. Although individuals whoseRead More Art, Literature And Society From 1955-1970 Essay examples5829 Words   |  24 Pageshe eagerly awaited his termination. And found his solace in moments of pure tranquillity, since they were the closest he could come to the state he named the Golden Eternity, which he believed awaited him after death. This was in opposition to his friend and fellow beat Allen Ginsberg . Ginsberg believed quot;in grasping after life as much as you can because of it’s sweet sadness and because you would be dead somedayquot;( Hipkiss,p.63). The Golden Eternity was a perfect void. The beauty of thisRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesinitiated into its practice. Our author quotes from a book by alTabarà ®, an astronomer not yet identified, copious instructions, for the adoration of the planets according to the usage of the Sabians. These are not given in the form of a connected narrative, but as directives, and they go so far as to enjoin prostration. At the beginning of the chapter is a list of the planets, with particulars of which planet is to be invoked for which groups of people and which desired gifts (pp.206209). Following

The Crime And Criminal Justice System Essay - 2319 Words

The official statistics are particularly useful in that they have been collected since 1857 and so provide us with an excellent historical overview of changing trends over time. They also give us a completely accurate view of the way that the criminal justice system processes offenders through arrests, trials and punishments. However, official statistics cannot be taken simply at their face value. They only show crimes which are reported to and recorded by official agencies such as the police. They account for only those crimes which are recognised as such by victims and those detected by the police. Sociologists have argued that there exists a ‘dark figure’ of unrecorded crime. This may be due to social agencies ignoring crimes committed by the ruling class such as white-collar and corporate crime and their views and stereotypes that they have against certain individuals, such as the working-class and ethnic minorities. Arguably, another reason why police recorded may b e seem as inaccurate is due to the increased problem of reporting issues. There is evidence that a number of individuals choose not to report a crime on the basis that they have little faith in social agencies or that they feel that the crime may not be serious enough. Positivists favour the official statistics as they believe that they are functional for society, whereas interactionists and Marxists go against the police the statistics as they argue that they are bias. In this essay, I will discuss theShow MoreRelatedCrime And Crime : The Criminal Justice System Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyzed various aspects of crime and criminality. Through continued study and ongoing research, criminologists have developed various theories as per the causes of different types of crime, whether or not some individuals are predisposed to certain types of criminal activity, legal processes of the criminal justice system, and how criminal offenders are processed. Canada’s criminal ju stice system comprises and constitutes various stages and components. The criminal justice system is a significant toolRead MoreCriminal Crime And The Criminal Justice System1693 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Profiler/Psychologist’s are people in the Criminal Justice System that create psychological profiles of criminals in order to identify behavioral patterns, in efforts to help officers narrow down their searches to people who fit that particular description. Profiler’s examine crime scenes, analyze evidence, read reports from investigators, write reports, and interview witnesses and victims in order to collect information. They may work for local, state, or federal law enforcement. ProfilersRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System963 Words   |  4 Pagesnews reports, crime daily. Crime is something that we cannot run from in today’s society; so we depend highly upon the justice system. Criminal Justice is a major concern. Criminal Justice consi sts of three areas: our police, courts and corrections department. The Criminal Justice system was put in place by these agencies, and established by the governments to help control the crimes and applies penalties to those that violate the law. Many people feel that the criminal justice system is there toRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1266 Words   |  6 Pages The criminal justice system in England and Wales is made up of multiple agencies which all have different responsibilities, however they share the main objective of maintaining and enforcing the rule of law. The International Bar Association (2005) describes the Rule of Law as ‘the foundation of a civilized society’ with a society’s formal response to crime being the responsibility of the criminal justice system ‘more specifically in terms of a series of decisions and actions being taken by a numberRead MoreCrime And The Criminal Justice System1511 Words   |  7 Pageshas always been a need to have a system in place in order to ensure that the laws of the land are followed by all. This system, today, is called the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is very important in serving the individual needs and society’s needs by making individuals feel safe and secure and by fulfilling societal requirements of punishing that criminal elem ent that infringes on those needs of individuals. The role that the criminal justice professional is vital when itRead MoreThe Crimes Of The Criminal Justice System968 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology, there are different types of crimes that can be committed. These crimes have been traditionally defined as either computer crimes or cybercrimes. The distinction in the two types of crimes seems to focus primarily on whether the crime can be committed without the use of technology and if the computer itself was actively involved with the crime. However, both types have created issues with the criminal justice system with how criminals are committing their crimes, the difficulties in law enforcementRead MoreCrime and the Criminal Justice System1111 Words   |  5 PagesCrime and the Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system and the process have molded the laws of the United States to its current existence. The judicial system is designed to punish those who commit crimes against one another and for those who break the laws in other ways. According to Pearson (2012), crime can be defined as conduct in violation of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. Pearson (2012)Read MoreCrime And Criminal Justice System974 Words   |  4 Pagescontrolled by policing to deal with the ‘problem’ of ‘crime’. Although there are various perceptions of what ‘crime’ is and means, we can view it as an offence or act which is able to be punished by the Law. Despite this, the Police arguably omit ‘crimes’ caused by particular individuals or groups such as; the bourgeois and white males and females. Many occasions these responses deny less privileged and minority groups equality within the criminal justice system, furthermore breaking the rule of Law. An ideologyRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1696 Words   |  7 Pages The Criminal Justice system has become an increasingly popular subject in America due to television, movies, and the media. This is due to crime and punishing crime being romanticized and the population becoming more desensitized. Some of the most appealing shows to the American people are the ones that include criminal investigations. However, the crime television shows that people view on a daily basis is extremely different from the actual Criminal Justice system, especially homicide investigationsRead MoreCrime System And Criminal Justice System Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The criminal justice system has evolved on the decades. From initially being constituted by the victim to eventually becoming constituted by written laws. There have been several changes made within the justice system, so in the following I will discuss my perspectives of the researched information and the noted changes of a system that was created by the people for the people. Topic I – Victim Justice System vs. Criminal Justice System A. Responsibilities of the victim’s past/present

Whose Sentence is it Anyway Free Essays

The title of this lesson is â€Å"Whose Sentence is it Anyway?†Ã‚   It is based on the TV show â€Å"Whose Line is it Anyway?† and is a lesson designed to improve the language arts skills of the students.   Under this lesson plan, the subjects, in this case the students, must be able to complete the sentence that is given to them by the instructor.   The goal of these learning exercises is to be able to improve the emphasized language arts strand related to the presentation of English words and sentences. We will write a custom essay sample on Whose Sentence is it Anyway? or any similar topic only for you Order Now An integral part in the learning of language arts has always been the understanding of how certain words, when used in different order and context, have different meanings and are able to convey a totally different message from what was originally intended.   The key component of these exercises in learning the language arts lies in the entertainment value of such and also the group work that is involved, in an attempt to also encourage social interactions among the students. The main concept to be taught in these exercises involves the understanding of Basic English sentence structures and the use of punctuations in sentences.   Incidental to these learning exercises is the necessity for the students to possess a basic understanding of the many uses of certain words of the English language.   This lesson plan also helps students deal with different social situations and shows what the appropriate responses are to these situations by demonstrating the effects when a proper response is not given as opposed to how effective communication can be when the proper response is provided. The structure of the lesson plan will follow the basic outline as reproduced within this report. Language Arts Activity: Complete the Silly Sentence Emphasized Language Arts Strand: Presenting I. The Basic Concepts: Sentence structure and use of English vocabulary II. Behavioral Objectives The students are expected to learn how to form complete and correct sentences. The students are also expected to be able to relate and interpret how different subjects, verbs and adjectives relate to one another in completing sentences. III. Materials: A container marked â€Å"Feelings† or â€Å"Adjectives†, which contains ten laminated cards with different feelings or adjectives written on them A container marked â€Å"Action† with ten laminated cards with different actions written on them A container marked â€Å"Person† with ten laminated cards with different people or occupations written on them Laminated â€Å"Complete Sentence† cards Small dry erase board and dry erase markers. IV. Teaching/ Learning Procedures: A student is to be chosen as the â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† of the group while another student is chosen to be the recorder.   The â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† takes one of the laminated strips from each of the three labeled containers.   The three strips drawn should form a silly sentence that the â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† must attempt to express without the use of words.   The other students must guess what the words written on each card were and attempt to put these words together to form the silly sentence. Card subjects may be guessed one at a time such that when one card is guessed the recorder writes it on the board.   The first student to correctly guess all three card subjects together and thus forming a complete sentence receives a â€Å"Complete Sentence† card and becomes the next â€Å"Pantomime Presenter†.   The previous â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† now becomes the recorder.   The first student to collect five â€Å"Complete Sentence† cards is awarded with an activity pass which entitles student to five minutes extra center time. V. Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the student’s understanding by observing the game playing activity and by helping to clarify questions or problems when needed. How to cite Whose Sentence is it Anyway?, Essay examples

Impacts of Social Networking on Business Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Networking. Answer: Social Networking In this digital era, humans have developed digital platforms that bring human activities together around the world. Companies were skeptical about the durability of the use of social media and they thought it was just a passing phenomenon. In the early days of social media, it was seen as a platform that young people used to interact and that business could not benefit from it. Currently, almost every company has an account in social media where they conduct their operations such as marketing. Social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have become marketing giants that every company is fighting to have a share of the services they provide as explained by Welton, T. (2015). Social networking applications use internet and companies create their profiles on a specific social network where they can connect to target customer groups. These platforms use different types of communication tools such as desktop, laptops, tablets and smartphones where users can access these platforms. Social networking also referred to as online community allows companies to share content to their followers who give feedback through responses and this creates an interactive communication between the company and the customers (NAKAYA, A. C. 2014). Social media managements provide companies with a seal that improves the validity and authenticity of information they post through verification of accounts as official company accounts. Research on the impact of social networks on companies around the globe shows how it has shaped the business dynamics over the past decade. This has been engineered by the increase in a number of social media platforms and the number of users across the globe. Increased globalization has impacted how companies conduct their online activities as information from one corner of the world could reach to different parts of the world with just one click on social media. Social media has got a lot of research but the area of study is still new and still developing, therefore, requires a lot of research to be done. This study focuses on addressing the overall impacts of social networking on business and how they can maximize them to their benefit. These impacts could either positively or negatively influence activities of the specific company on social media platforms as argued by Berlatsky, N. (2013). The literature on impacts of social media over the past decade have increased and more content is being created as social media broadens. Social media is no longer being used as a tool for families and friends to keep in touch but used to shape how companies approach marketing, public relations activities, education, innovation and also professionalism as explained by Nakaya, A. C. (2014). Social media has transformed communication from complex traditional marketing approaches to into a simpler platform which is more reliable and accessible in most parts of the world. Scope According to social media statistics, Australia research was done in 2016, the number of social media users is close to 24.3 million of the total population. This research will focus on the impacts of the use of social media on business operating both locally and on international markets. The impacts of social media have influenced approaches to marketing and strategies to expanding market share locally and globally. Social media took center stage just at the beginning of the 21st century, therefore, the research will cover all literature from mid-first decade of the 21st century to recent literature on the research area. The study will use secondary sources that are relevant to the research topic. The research topic is a relatively new; therefore, there are limited research works and more literature is being generated. Online academic journals and websites are the most relevant sources for the research topic and produced regularly and studies are improved each time a new research is done on the area (Mckinsey Global Institute, 2013). Therefore the study will use journals and websites to discuss the research topic and critically analyze the advantages and the disadvantages of the using of social media. Books are also an important source of the research as they have an in-depth discussion on the topic. The research will use the most recent research works on the research area to provide current issues in the area. The most relevant sources that will feature more in the research are sources written with the past decade as social media has developed and its use has expanded in the past 10 years. The research focuses on all segments of the world population groups that have access to social media. The research will entail different aspect of social media; companies, demographics of the users, the reason for use of social media, impacts of social media and also the extent of social media usage all over the world. The accessibility of these platforms depends on the internet accessibility in the region and also media censorship dynamics in the country or region (Wasko, M. M., Di Gangi, P. M. 2016). The study discusses how such countries have developed alternatives platforms to conduct same activities. Many companies from different regions are increasingly dependent on social media for different purposes that include marketing, market analyses, feedback collection and education purposes. Tech companies have a social media presence through different sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Weibo. HP has 3.6 million followers on facebook globally; Samsung has 3 million followers on Facebook. Lenovo has 6 million followers on facebook. Apple has been reluctant to have social media accounts it has created support accounts such as App store, iTunes, and Beats1 on Facebook and Twitter and its followers have grown to thousands. Aims The aim of the research is to narrow this research topic to specifically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of social networking on business (Gupta, V., Gupta, M. 2016). The study will focus on how companies mitigate risks of social networking and how they could maximize opportunities provided by the platform. The study will give a contribution to other research work and provide new perspectives on the impacts of social networking. Social media has become a sensation that nearly more than half of the world populations have access to services it provides. It also provides an understanding of the dynamics in the marketing of products and services provided by companies. Objectives The aims discussed above can be achieved by implementing the following objectives: Review literature on user experiences on social media networking and how it has shaped opinions and views about products and services. Establish improvement strategies that could be implemented by companies to increase user experience on the social media networking sites used by companies. Identify the demographics segments in social media to and in the creation of content for various segments. Identify the impacts of social media networking on business operation and how companies can utilize the opportunities presented by the social networking sites. Identify social media sites that favor the nature of companies product and services and provide rich customer experience on the site. Literature review Research on social networking has increased over the decade due to the increasing influence of the users, companies, and communities. The literature on the topic issue is continuously being shaped by the changes in social media sites and network. According to a survey done by New York Times (2016), the use of social media has impacted how companies operate and maintain their market shares. Social networking traditionally was used as a tool for keeping in touch with friends and families to now shaping politics, careers, culture, companies, and education. Social networking has impacted how companies operate in the market as they shift from traditional marketing approaches to digital marketing. Companies have shifted to using social media to market their brands and to increase awareness. Companies choose to use social media as it makes it easier for them to interact with customers and collection of feedback is immediate. The be fearless campaign created by Samsung aimed at empowering younger people to face their inner fears through virtual reality gadgets produced by the company. According to Gupta, V., Gupta, M. (2016) many of the tech companies have a social media strategy that focuses on engaging with customers on a personal level. Organizations identify platforms that provide interfaces that they could manipulate to suit their products. For example, Apple has more presence on Tumblr through the music account which is regularly updated. Online marketing results in offline conversations about the brand which creates awareness and results in increased referrals. Many small companies are adopting the strategy to increase their presence in the market by increasing the offli ne conversation. A lot of literature on digital marketing study the performance of products and how their ability to maintain or increase their market share. Many tech companies are competing for the same market share with similar products. Apple, Samsung, and Lenovo produce same products that are to be sold in the same market; therefore, the individual company has to identify a niche in the market to enable market penetration. This has increased the quality of the products are companies seek to create uniqueness to their products to increase market share. Samsung and Lenovo have a high social media presence unlike Apple hence the increased market share of these two companies in different countries across the world. Social networking provides companies with an inexpensive method of promoting the business while distributing content. Creation of Ads enables the business to reach the target audience without much effort. Samsung has a developed creative Ads featured on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter which features relatable stories to the companies gadgets. Such ads campaigns bring more success when shared to a bigger audience through a medium that most people are more engaged in at the time, for example, Super Bowl and Olympics provide advertising platforms that require advertising agencies to be creative on how to maximize the once in a while opportunity. Apple created Ads which show features of gadgets such as watches and displays specific features Running Ads on social networks such as Facebook and Linked is specific to customer groups, for example, these groups can be segmented into demographics, locality, interests, and behavior as explained by Cross, M. (2014). Their activities can be tracked and monitored which gives a business a perspective on how their operations can be improved. Lenovo developed internal social networking to improve employee engagement and empower external marketing through employees. In a report by McKinsey Global Institute (2013), it shows that distribution of information and data impacts the quality of products and services provided by companies. According to the report, companies that fully implement the use of social networking improve the interaction and build a highly skilled and knowledgeable staff which is turn increases the output. Social media is an important tool in sharing knowledge among different groups of professionals present in social media sites. Social networking brings together companies, therefore, fostering collaborations and linkages. Social media has impacted how companies are ranked as they popularity is determined by traffic on websites. Healey, J. (2011) argues that companies could benefit from using social media as users are directed to company websites resulting in increased traffic. Companies that receive more social media shares either Facebook or Twitter are likely to be ranked higher on Google search. Social media for business shows variations in popularity of business among social media users. The lack of official Apple account creates traffic to companies website through support accounts. Social networking gives a business pool of skilled personnel that could be assimilated to the company to improve performance and output. According to a report by the Staffing Industry (2013), the hiring of employees is increasingly being influenced by social media activities of an individual. LinkedIn is a social media application in which people create professional accounts aimed at linking them to potential employers. This application brings together professional communities where they could share knowledge and their experiences working in the different companies in the discussion. Through interaction, individuals could create an impression on potential employers which could eventually lead them to their dream careers as explained by HEADWORTH, A. (2015). Although social networking has positively influenced companies, there are setbacks in using social media that have affected their operations. Companies have been forced to change their approach to customer relations. Social media provides an interactive platform in which customers have more power to determine the success or failure of a product which is a difficult approach to companies that traditionally had a one-sided form of communication. This approach requires companies to approach marketing through a complex combination of relatable stories of the product to the culture of the target market. For example, the decision by Apple not to use social media for marketing has received some criticism from the customer and trend analyzers as they expect the company to follow digital marketing trend. The use of social media requires caution in all business practices as the spread of information has been revolutionized by the freedom information sharing. Many companies are finding it hard to contain information unlike before when information could be contained within the relevant circles of the organization (Nakaya, A. C. 2014). Social media has created an increase in publicity to companies that has resulted in vulnerability to damage to image and reputation in case of any damaging information going viral. The unfortunate event that has led to the jailing of Samsung officials has influenced opinions that people across the world has about the company. The Samsung Conglomerate scandal in South Korea has received a lot of media attention which has been engineered by online activities of social media users. Increased use of social media with limited control and regulation has increased activities that do not represent the official information about a company. Unauthorized representatives can give information to social network groups that do not represent the true image or operations of the organization. There are many scam accounts that do not represent company views and give false information about the company. This has influenced how these companies recruit employees by checking on social media activity of individuals before hiring them as explained by Wasko, M. M., Di Gangi, P. M. (2016). Employees are expected to be assertive on the use of social media to ensure that their posts do not compromise the reputation and the image of the organization. Conclusion Social networking has become crucial to operations of companies; therefore, management should devise ways to manage their use. Information is power and through social media, companies could harness this power for their own benefits (Welton, T., 2015). Sharing of information on social media last long compared to stories posted on webs considering the fact that more people in the contemporary society use social media to access and share information. Social media has revolutionized the circulation of information across the world and reshaped marketing among tech companies. Information spreads faster and more debates can be generated from a single issue. The world is moving at a faster pace compared to decades before social media took over the world. Although social media has brought some harm to business, it has done a lot good which cannot be written off as explained by WELTON, T. (2015) in his book Getting the Most from Social Networking: Social Networking Risks. References BERLATSKY, N 2013, Social networking. Detroit, Greenhaven Press. https://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctxreq_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:lln_ptamm/ptamm52570res_id=info:sid/gale:GVRLctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:bookrft_id=info:sid/gale:bmcode:recid/6ALB. CROSS, M 2014, Social media security: leveraging social networking while mitigating risk. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=58873. GUPTA, V GUPTA, M 2016, Social Media Mining: A New Framework and Literature Review. International Journal of Business Analytics (IJBAN). 3, 58-68. HEADWORTH, A 2015, Social media recruitment: how to successfully integrate social media into recruitment strategy. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabk AN=987749. HEALEY, J. (2011). Social impacts of digital media. Thirroul, N.S.W., Spinney Press. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx? p=635520. MCKINSEY GLOBAL INSTITUTE, 2013, Resource revolution: tracking global commodity markets; trends survey. [Washington, D.C.], McKinsey Global Institute. NAKAYA, AC 2014, Social networking. San Diego, Reference point Press. PUPINO, AM HA, EJ 2015, Uses and perceived credibility of social networking sites for weight management in college students. https://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view? accnum=kent1428685808. TURNER, K MAGAZINE, E 2013, Staffing service: your step-by-step guide to success. New York, Entrepreneur Press. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx? p=1649197 WASKO, MM DI GANGI, PM 2016, Social Media Engagement Theory: Exploring the Influence of User Engagement on Social Media Usage. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC). 28, 53-73. WELTON, T 2015, Getting the Most from Social Networking: Social Networking and Social Media. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=85737. WELTON, T 2015, Getting the Most from Social Networking: Social Networking Risks. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=85745. YELLOW PAGES AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIAN INTERACTIVE MEDIA INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, 2013, Yellow social media report: what Australian people and companies are doing with social media. https://about.sensis.com.au/IgnitionSuite/uploads/docs/Yellow%20Pages%20Social%20Media%20 Report_F.PDF.

Holocaust Essays (2284 words) - Eugenics, Applied Genetics

Holocaust The Lebensborn Project The topic of eugenics cannot be discussed without encountering the Holocaust, but this is as it should be. When contemporary geneticists, genetics counselors and clinical geneticists wonder why it is that genetics receives special attention from those concerned with ethics, the answer is simple and can be found in history. The events which led to the sterilization, torture and murder of millions of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and children of mixed racial heritage in the years just before and during the era of the Third Reich in Germany were rooted firmly in the science of genetics (Muller-Hill, 1988). Rooted not in fringe, lunatic science but in the mainstream of reputable genetics in what was indisputably the most advanced scientific and technological society of its day. The pursuit of genetic purity in the name of public health led directly to Dachau, Treblinka, Ravensbruck and Auschwitz. As early as 1931 influential geneticists such as Fritz Lenz were referring to National Socialism as applied biology in their textbooks (Caplan, 1992). As difficult as it is for many contemporary scientists to accept (Caplan, 1992; Kater, 1992), mainstream science provided a good deal of enthusiastic scientific support for the virulent racism that fueled the killing machine of the Third Reich. When the Nazis came to power they were obsessed with securing the racial purity of the German people. The medical and biomedical communities in Germany not only endorsed this concern with negative eugenics, they had fostered it. Racial hygiene swept through German biology, public health, medicine and anthropology in the 1920s and 1930s, long before the Nazis came to power (Weiss, 1987, Muller-Hill, 1988; Proctor, 1988; Kater, 1992). Many in the medical profession urged the Nazi leadership to undertake social policies that might lead to enhancing or increasing the genetic fitness of the German people (Kater, 1992). Eugenics consumed the German medical, biological and social scientific communities in the decade before World War II. Many physicians and scientists were frantic about threats they saw to the genetic health of the nation posed by the presence of inferior populations such as Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs, with a lesser extent a distant threat which was, African peoples (Adams, 1990). The steps they took to protect against the public health disaster of a 'polluted' racial stock were so awful, so immoral, and so heinous that they have rightly, shaped all subsequent discussion of the ethics of both human genetics and eugenics. Steps to eliminate unfit or undesirable genes by prohibitions on sexual relations, restrictions on marriage, sterilization or killing, are all forms of negative population eugenics (Kevles, 1995). Nazi judges and scientists ordered children killed or sterilized who had parents of different racial backgrounds or were thought to have genetic predispositions toward mental illness, alcoholism, retardation or other disabilities. This was done to remove the threat such children posed to the genetic stock of the nation and to avoid having to pay the costs associated with institutionalization and hospitalization (Caplan, 1992). Laws were enacted prohibiting marriages between those whom Nazi race hygiene theory held were likely to produce degenerate offspring. Conversely, on a smaller scale, the Nazis tried to encourage those who satisfied Nazi racial ideals to have more children. The most extreme form of encouraging eugenic mating was the Lebensborn program which gave money, medals, housing and other rewards to persuade ideal mothers and fathers to have large numbers of children in order to create a super-race of Aryan children (Proctor, 1988). The provision of rewards, incentives and benefits to encourage the increased representation of certain genes in the gene pool of future generations constitutes positive population eugenics (Kevles, 1995). Nazi race hygiene theories were false. There is no evidence to support the biological views of the inherent inferiority of races or the biological superiority of specific ethnic groups, which underlay the eugenics efforts of the Third Reich. There is not even any firm basis for differentiating groups into races on the basis of genetics (Harding, 1993). The negative eugenics programs race hygiene spawned were not only patently unethical, since they were completely involuntary and coercive they were also based upon assumptions about genes and race that are not true. The Nazi drive to design future generations

How to Write Faster 10 Effective Strategies Finally Finish Your Book

How to Write Faster 10 Effective Strategies Finally Finish Your Book How to Write Faster: 10 Effective Strategies Finally Finish Your Book Learning how to write faster has many uses, whether youre writing a book or just want to get ahead in another writing field.â€Å"The faster I write, the better my output. If I’m going slow, I’m in trouble. It means I’m pushing the words instead of being pulled by them.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Raymond ChandlerWe’ve all been there: You finally squeeze in some writing time in between all your commitments but rarely have a solid writing habit built into your busy life.However, when you sit down to write, something odd happens. These are our strategies for how to write faster:Write every dayUse an outline to write fasterAvoid editing as you goResearch laterPractice your typing speedSit up properly to write fasterUse talk-to-textDo writing sprintsGet accountability buddiesChallenge yourselfYou thought that a torrent of words would flow out - after all, you haveso much to say.Yet, each word that comes out of you is dragged out. Writing feels less like fun, and more like bleeding.At the end of the hour, you find youve only written 100 words, and not the 500 words you budgeted.Any writer understands how frustrating it is to make time for writing, but to have almost nothing to show for that time. How to Write Well FastTheres a great debate over whether or not doing something quickly produces good quality. After all, fast food restaurants and known for their low-quality food being unhealthy.However, writing is not like the food industry.In fact, we have plenty of tips for maintaining that quality while learning how to write faster.So can you write well while doing so quickly?The answer is yes, and heres howHow to Write a FasterI have some good news: This doesnt have to be the case.You can set up your writing process in such a way that its guaranteed youll find your writing flow and have words stream out of you faster than you can catch them.You can make sure that your writing session is as efficient and effective as possible so that not a single minute is wasted.Writing faster will not only mean that you finish your book’s first draft, which can be a life-changing achievement, it’ll also mean that you’ll be quicker at anything you write.Your blog posts, emails, letters, and even your social media updates will be written faster.Here are all the practical tips Ive gathered over the years to help me and my students learn how to write a book in less than 30 days.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here#1 Write Every DayI’m going to start with an essential tip: If you want to write faster, you have to write every day and make that your primary writing goal.Writing, like any craft, gets better the more you do it. The more you practice your writing skills, the faster the words will come to your mind and your fingertips.You’ll get better and quicker at connecting diff erent pieces of knowledge, forming new ideas and improving your natural storytelling abilities.You’ll also get quicker at the mechanical process of writing. Youll develop muscle memory for your keyboard and your writing speed will go up. Soon you’ll wonder how you could have ever survived at your slower words-per-minute speed.What to write? You could update your WordPress blog every day, or a chapter of your book every day. It doesn’t matter, as long as you’re writing. How to Write Faster Action Step:1 Choose what you’re going to write about every day, whether it’s blog articles, chapters of your book or even a personal journal.2 Set your word count goal for each day.3 Track how many words you are writing per hour or day.However, even writing every day won’t stop you facing that feeling you get when you see a blank page. To avoid that and guarantee your words flow every time you see a new page you need to create an outline.#2 Crea te an OutlineHere’s the writing world’s worst-kept secret: outlines work to help you write faster!To achieve any goal, you need to plan first. The same can be said for writing.Even if you’re able to crank out 3000 words an hour, it won’t matter much if your content lacks direction, as readers will get confused and drop your book.A solid outline gives you the direction you need to keep your readers engaged and it also allows you to plan roughly how many words are in your novel, working backward from how many chapters and how many words in each chapter.This ensures you can plan and create your writing goal to succeed. Writing a book is a lot of work, but we can cut out a ton of obstacles with a well-written book outlinethat builds passion and purpose into your writing.Here’s how an outline can double or even triple your writing speed:1. Outlines Eliminate Writer’s BlockOne of the reasons writers experience  writer’s block is by not ha ving an outline, or having a poorly written outline. If your outline is well-organized and fleshed out with all the ideas, chapters, and sections flowing in a logical sequence, chances are writer’s block won’t be an issue.When you have to stop to think about what comes next, you’re no longer in writing mode. Instead, you fall into confusion and frustration and then default to book research mode.â€Å"I know I can get through this if I just it look up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ You start doing everything else but writing. The next time you hit a wall,check the flow of your outline. Revise what you need to and keep moving forward. Be sure to do as much research as you can before the initial writing begins.2. Outlines Provide an Organized Framework for Your Book’s StructureYour outline is the roadmap for your book, a place where your story structure is laid out in front of you. Without it, your writing time is slow and grueling, like running up a mountain with a ball and chain. Sounds tough, right?A well-organized outline boosts productivity throughout the writing phase.The secret to completing any big project, like a novel, is to break it into small manageable chunks, and an outline breaks this marathon project into small manageable writing tasks.You’ll write much faster when the chapters flow from one to the next and ideas are combined and clustered. When your outline flows with a well-organized structure you don’t have to stop to think about what to write next. Your fingers can keep moving in flow with the plan you created.3. Outlines Give You a Bird’s Eye ViewWhen you can see your book in its entirety on the page, you feel compelled to write as much as possible. Think of it as a race. You’ll perform much better knowing the exact distance you have to run - especially as you near the finish line and you have the  end in sight.Behind every great post and book is a bulletproof outline. Here are some steps you can take today to get started with this process. How to Write Faster Action Step:1 Spend some time today and go back and revise your book outline. If you don’t have one, make one.2 Look at areas that could be better researched. Review the chapters that have ideas that require deeper development.3 The aim is to make your outline the best it can be. Revise your outline as you go, but make sure your words keep hitting the paper.For other writing:Commit to this rule whenever you’re writing anything: Five minutes of outlining for every 500 words of content. Writing a 1,000-word article? Spend 10 minutes developing an outline.Writing a 100-word email? Spend a minute outlining your points. Every minute you spend outlining will save you a heap of time later.#3 Dont edit as you goWant to write better quality stuff? Then youre going to have let go of your inner perfectionist and stop your self-editing.Hemingway is often attributed with the quote, write drunk, edit sober. While Im no t advocating you become an alcoholic to produce content, you can adopt the figurative meaning of the quote.The largest obstacle to entering that zen state where the words zip out of us effortlessly is our tendency to censor ourselves. We continuously correct what were about to say before we put the words on the page.Us writers tend to be perfectionists, yet this self-criticism gets in the way of our creativity.A better strategy is to write a rough draft first. Think B- quality instead of A+. This is what Hemingway means when he says to write drunk. During the drafting phase you let go of caring about thequalityof your work, but instead focus on thequantity.Aim to finish your daily writing goal, no matter how bad the draft is. The goal is not to have a perfect manuscript.Once youve finished, then and only then, begin the â€Å"edit sober† phase. Here you can engage your inner critic. You can cut what doesnt work and polish what does. Its best to begin the editing phase with a fresh set of eyes, usually after youve taken a break.If its a short article, then sleep on your draft before editing.If its a book draft, then take at least a week off the project before looking back on it.Its hard to let go of that inner judge when drafting our work, but once you do, youll write significantly faster. Often when you look back on the draft that you thought was horrible, youll find its better than you thought. Not perfect, but better than you imagined.Youll also see that there were some ideas you put in there that couldnt have happened if you were writing as a perfectionist.Also, if youre still worried about the quality of your book draft, remember that youll hire an editor to polish your book to be the best it can be. How to Write Faster Action Step:1 When you begin writing a piece, throw perfection out of the window and aim for a rough draft. Think B- work and not A+.2 If you find it hard to lock up your inner perfectionist, set yourself a challenge to write a wor d count in a set time, like 500 words in 30-minute chunks.3 After you finish your draft, put it away for a bit of time before you begin editing.#4 Write Faster First, Research LaterHeres a piece of great advice many journalists receive: write first and research your book later. It might be counter-intuitive, but before you close this page and think I’m crazy, hear me out.When you begin writing you have one mission: enter flow. This is the state where the words come out of you effortlessly and you lose awareness of time flowing by. This is the key for quality and effective writing.Once you enter flow, your mission is to stay there.A sure way to get thrown out of the zone is to stop mid-sentence to find the capital of that countryyou want to reference, and then get sucked down a Wikipedia rabbit hole.Instead of interrupting your flow of writing, use a writer’s tip I’ve talked about before: TK your research point.TK is short for â€Å"to come† and is a han dy placeholder to use for research points you want to look up later. There are barely any words in the English language that have those two letters next to each other, making it easy to use the Command+F function to find these placeholders.For example, lets say you were writing about the Golden Gate bridge and couldnt remember the date it opened and its length. If that were the case, this is what your draft would look like and doing a quick command+f (for mac) will help you fill in these gaps later:The Golden Gate Bridge was opened in TK and was the longest bridge with a main span of TK.This takes 10 seconds to write, and you can stay in your flow and move on to the next sentence.If you had Googled each of those facts, the sentence would have taken you 60 seconds and taken you out of your flow.After you finish the draft, you can go back in and fill in the blanks:The Golden Gate Bridge was opened in1937and was the longest bridge with a main span of4,200 feet. How to Write Faster Acti on Step:1 When drafting, if you cant remember a piece of detail, put TK as a placeholder, instead of going to Google.2 During your editing phase, use Control+F to search for TK and replace each result with the relevant piece of research.#5 Schedule Brief Typing Practice SessionsThink of your typing speed as the bottleneck between your brain and your piece of content, like the narrowest part of the road that’s causing a traffic buildup. Your fingers simply can’t type as fast as your mind is working.Unfortunately, technology hasn’t yet progressed to the point where we can think of the words and they magically appear on the page, but with the help of a few fun and simple online games we can improve our typing speed.I’ll share a secret with you: I used to not be able to type very well. I was like someone from the early 20th century, using two fingers to pound out my content. My typing speed was barely above 30 words per minute. Yet, writing was important t o me, like it is for you, so I worked at it.Even now, for ten minutes a day I play online typing games to test my writing speed and provide feedback on how efficient I am a typist. It’s a great way to master the skill of getting your word count up. Check out 10FastFingersor Key Hero.# 6 Use Proper Sitting PostureThe position of your body has a lot to do with typing speed and efficiency.If you slouch in your chair you’ll cramp up and find it hard to concentrate.Here is how you should position yourself:Make sure that you are sitting up straight - don’t lean or hunch over towards the desk.Position your elbows at right angles to the keyboard - avoid bending your arms upwards or downwards.Properlyposition your fingerson the keyboard.You can even buy a standing desk to help your posture.It’s scientifically proven that thestanding deskhas major benefits for your health. Standing gives you higher energy levels and better blood flow. But that’s not all! It also boosts productivity and makes us more efficient when typing.#7 Use talk-to-textOne of the greatest parts about the advancement in technology is the fact that there are now options to use talk-to-text to even write a book, and not just compose a text message.Google docs has a fantastic diction program that allows you to speak your words onto the page.Heres how you can use diction on Google docs:Open a new doc in Google DocsGo to ToolsSelect voice typingMake sure your microphone is workingPush the microphone that pops up on the left side of your doc and start speakingThats all there is to it. This way, those of you who can speak faster than you type and are audible people in general (usually you extroverts!), you can write a book faster with this method.#8 Do writing sprints to write fasterWriting sprints are one of the best ways to write faster.Theres an entire community of writers (typically found on Twitter using the #WritingSprint hashtag) who write their entire books by using sprints.A writing sprint is when you set a certain amount of time on the clock (15 minutes for the first, then 25, then 10 minutes) and you write as fast as you can for that amount of time.The goal with writing sprints is to NOT edit, not go back and read, just write.Heres an example of the writing community on Twitter doing their sprints:#9 Get an accountability buddyOne of the best ways to write and finish a book faster is utilizing accountability partners in order to keep you on track.Here at Self-Publishing School, we help students find accountability partners in our Mastermind Community on Facebook. This is largely responsible for students finishing their drafts faster.These are some benefits and reasons having an accountability partner can help you write faster:Someone else can keep you accountableThey can help lift your spirits if youre feeling down (which usually prevents writing)They can talk through writers block with you to get rid of itYou can do writing sprints togetherUltimately, youll only benefit from having a writing buddy on-hand to keep you on pace to finish your book faster.#10 Challenge YourselfWriting faster will not only allow you to finish your books first draft faster, it’ll make you quicker at all forms of writing. You’ll be speedier at composing emails, recommendation letters, cover letters, social media posts and articles.Writing is also closely related to thinking. Being a faster and clearer writer will make you a faster and clearer thinker.Follow the above tips on your next greatarticle idea or book chapter and see how many words you can get out in a timed writing session. Youll be amazed at the difference in your writing speed.Instead of your draft taking months to produce, you might find that youll be able to pound out full-length novels on the weekends.What to do NextIn order to write faster, it helps to be fully informed. That way, youll spend less time clicking open another tab and more time writing.Her es how you can do that.

What is the single most important issue to you that should be a top Essay

What is the single most important issue to you that should be a top priority in our national discourse Why - Essay Example Currently, the issue is widely debated in the public and political arena in the US that how appropriate it is to allow civilians to keep arms with them. Follman argues that there is no rationale in the belief that when more people are armed, there are better chances of stopping these tragic events. In fact, facts prove otherwise. In none of the cases any civilian ever intervened to stop the mass killing. Even if in a particular case any civilian did intervene, either they failed miserably to stop the killing or they themselves were harmed or killed. The fact remains that mass shooting has increased several fold in the US because it has been easier than ever before for anyone to carry guns in public places such as movie theaters, parks, schools (Follman). It can be noticed that casualty score is much higher in 2012, especially due to Sandy Hook and Aurora theater incidents. It is a fact that American society has been heavily armed since its inception and private arms have been increasing at a rapid pace. Sales data reveal that in 1995, 200 million guns were in possession of the people in the US. In a rough estimate, its number is now close to the total US population that means, on average, each citizen is in possession of some kind of a gun under the excuse of self-defense (Follman). National Rifle Association (NRA) is known in the US as a formidable pro-gun lobby and spends a lot in support of politicians for its cause. NRA also organizes for firearms safety training and tournaments across all parts of the US. Most states also recognize the NRA trained instructors by law. While NRA proposes in the defense of law-abiding citizens and against the crime makers, it takes a hardliner view whenever a debate spurs about enacting any gun control measures. As Kucinich reports, NRA has been mounting pressure on lawmakers through

Apple and the iPod Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Apple and the iPod - Case Study Example Competitiveness in terms of the creation of an advantage for a company emanates from having in place and or developing competitive strategies to achieve that end. In the fast paced world of corporate operations companies cannot afford to stand pat on their developments, and or market positioning as its competitors are always seeking to gain market share through acquiring customers as well as retaining their own brand franchise. The pace of technological change, along with fast changing consumer wants, needs, and desires represents a serious challenge that must be planned for as well as implemented. To fully appreciate the context of this examination, one needs to understand that innovation is defined as "the introduction of something new a new idea, method or device (Merriam Webster Online, 2008). Within a corporate mode, this is not a process that can or does happen overnight, it is a corporate culture that emanates from the top of the leadership structure, and is fostered by an atm osphere that prides new ideas and directions (Tidd et al, 201, p. 228). In helping us to understand the context of innovation in a corporate setting Degraff and Lawrence (2002, p. 2) tell us that creativity is a fundamental part of innovation, and in that sense, today's corporations need to be more creative than in the past as a result of the competitiveness of globalisation, and the increased sophistication of consumers who can access the Internet to compare and analyse products. The information age has heightened the stakes in the consumer arena, thus companies must respond in the product segment of their business. In providing us with a further illustration of this new business climate Degraff and Lawrence (2002, p. 2) advise "Creativity, in short, is the core of all the competencies of an organization because creativity is what makes something better or new". The preceding is a core facet of innovation, which also includes new approaches to the creation of products, maintaining active communication with customers to understand the dynamics of their w ants, needs and desires, and then translating this into innovative products (Degraff and Lawrence, 2002, p. 2). The preceding areas have been covered as they represent important considerations in the study of innovation on

Unit 2 Assignment Exploring the 1960s Research Paper

Unit 2 Assignment Exploring the 1960s - Research Paper Example It ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Republic and dynamics of the world war being slightly modified by end of it (Gaddis, 2011). Though the cold war might well have ended two decades ago, yet the seeds sown back then are showing their impact in different forms. A prime example in this case can be the Mujahedeen that were nurtured by the Americans against the Soviet Socialists, became their own enemies; as a result America had to go to War in Afghanistan against them. Various other countries have turned rebellious due to the cold war and have made America insecure in many aspects. Other threats posed to the American nation as a whole include the bitter feeling that is left in the hearts of the then Soviet Socialists and present day Russia. They were humiliated at the end of it and their entire empire came down (Craig & Logevall, 2009). In terms of protection for the family, vigilance is the word; each member of the family should know their responsibilities. The threats faced immediately after cold war were the nuclear arsenal being possessed by the disintegrated soviet republic. That threat has vaporized to a large extent. While in public they should be cautious and should report and notice anything suspicious. Besides this the onus falls upon the government to protect the citizens from any kind of vulnerabilities that might exist in the surroundings (Tuttle, 1993). The cold war that lasted from 1950s to 1990s set up new paradigms for times ahead. What we see today is largely because of the cold war that established its roots deep into various countries political operations and foreign affairs. The end of cold war resulted in total submission and defeat of one of the power and left alone capitalist power United States to dictate terms in future. The then U.S.S.R has gone on back foot after being humbled at end of the war. The Berlin wall was another event which marked the end of cold war after the U.S.S.R

Commutative encryption and decryption

Commutative encryption and decryption El Gamal Public Key Cryptosystem The El Gamal public-key encryption scheme can be viewed as Diffie-Hellman key agreement in key transfer mode. Its security is based on the intractability of the discrete logarithm problem and the Diffie-Hellman problem. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange The first system to make use of public-key or asymmetric cryptographic keys was the Diffie-Hellman algorithm (by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, 1976). These systems overcome the difficulties of private-key or symmetric key systems because asymmetric key management is much easier. In the symmetric key system its important for both sides of the communication to have identical keys; the secure exchange of the keys has always been a huge concern. This concern is alleviated using asymmetric key systems because they use two keys one called the private key that secretly belongs to the user and another called the public key that can be shared with the world and thus is distributed without difficulty. Regrettably, the pros of asymmetric key systems are overshadowed by speed they are very slow for any type of bulk encryption. Presently, the typical practice is to use a symmetric system to encrypt the data and then encrypt the symmetric keys used for distribution with an asymmetric syst em. And this is what Diffie-Hellman key exchange does. Basic El Gamal encryption Complete Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Process The Game: Mental Poker Playing the game of poker without any cards over a telecommunications device (phone or more realistically internet) is known as Mental Poker. The game usually doesnt include a trusted third party dealer or a source of randomness and as such it seems that someone (the dealer) will always know what cards have been given out or alternatively, that players will be able to lie about the cards they have. The first serious attempt at the problem was by Adi Shamir, Ronald Rivest and Leonard Adleman in 1979 in [SRA]. Its this scheme, which relies on commutative encryption. The authors first proved, in an information theoretic sense, that the problem is unsolvable and then went on to offer a solution. Their protocol worked for two players and didnt require a trusted third party. However, it did not offer confidentiality of strategy, requiring the players to reveal their hands at the end of each game. We assume two players and fifty-two cards. Five cards are dealt then one round of betting then all cards shown. Players have disjoint hands, any player can have any possible hand, no player can discover another players hand and any collusion has minimal effect. The SRA protocol was shown to leak at least one bit of information: whether the card was a quadratic residue or not. There were suggestions to overcome this problem but there was still no guarantee that other information was not leaked. The SRA protocol The protocol relies on a commutative encryption scheme i.e.: EA(EB(M)) = EB(EA(M)) Where EX denotes encryption using Xs public key. Likewise, we use DX to denote decryption using Xs private key. Steps Two players Alice and Bob together choose a large prime number n, then Alice chooses her key A s.t. gcd(A,n-1) = 1 and Bob chooses B similarly. Encode the 52 cards as integers. Encryption EA(M) = MA (mod n) Decryption DA(M) = Minv(A) (mod n) Bob permutes the cards to x1, x2, , x52 encrypts them then sends to Alice EB(xi). Alice chooses 5 cards for herself, encrypts them and sends to Bob EA(EB(xi)). Also chooses 5 cards for Bob and sends them to him (without encrypting) EB(xi). Bob can now decrypt his cards to see his hand DB(EB(xi) = xi. He also decrypts Alices cards then sends them back to her. Here is where we need commutativity so DB(EA(EB(xi))) = EA(xi) Alice receives her cards and decrypt them seeing her hand DA(EA(xi)) = xi. Implementation of Game Protocol Security Efficiency of El Gamal encryption The encryption process requires two modular exponentiations, namely ak mod p and (aa)k mod p. These exponentiations can be sped up by selecting random exponents k having some additional structure, for example, having low Hamming weights. Care must be taken that the possible number of exponents is large enough to preclude a search via a baby-step giant-step algorithm. A drawback of El Gamal encryption is that there is message expansion by a factor of 2, i.e., the ciphertext is double the length of the corresponding plaintext. Randomized Encryption Among many other encryption schemes, El Gamal encryption utilizes randomization in the encryption process, an example of others include: McEliece encryption, and Goldwasser-Micali, and Blum-Goldwasser probabilistic encryption. Deterministic encryption schemes such as RSA may also utilize randomization in an effort to avoid some attacks. The basic idea behind randomized encryption techniques is to use randomization to increase the cryptographic security of an encryption process through one or more of the following methods: increasing the effective size of the plaintext message space; precluding or decreasing the effectiveness of chosen-plaintext attacks by virtue of a one-to-many mapping of plaintext to ciphertext; and precluding or decreasing the effectiveness of statistical attacks by leveling the a priori probability distribution of inputs. Security of El Gamal Encryption The problem of breaking the El Gamal encryption scheme, specifically, recovering m given p, a, aa, ?, and d, is equivalent to solving the Diffie-Hellman problem. In reality, the ElGamal encryption scheme can be seen as merely comprising a Diffie-Hellman key exchange to verify a session key aak, and then encrypting the message by multiplication with that session key. Hence, the security of the El- Gamal encryption scheme is said to be based on the discrete logarithm problem in mathbb{Z}_p !,*, although such an equivalence hasnt been verified. It is vital that different random integers k be used to encrypt different messages. Assume the same k is used to encrypt two messages m1 and m2 and the resultant ciphertext pairs are (?1,d1) and (?2,d2). Then d1/ d2 = m1/m2, and m2 could be easily computed if m1 were known. Analysis of Mental Poker Upon receiving the shuffled and encrypted pack of cards she cant tell which is which, therefore, she picks randomly, that is, she is unable to see Bobs hand. When Bob receives Alices double encrypted hand he would be unable to read it even when he partially decrypts it. But is there information leaked by the encryption process? Yes! Its known as Quadratic Residues. Quadratic Residues An integer a, not divisible by an odd prime p, is a quadratic residue modulo p if there is a b in {1, 2,, p-1} s.t. a = b2 (mod p). Otherwise a is a quadratic no residue. So for p = 11, 1=12, 3=52, 4=22, 5=42, 9=32 are the quadratic residues and 2, 6, 7, 8, 10 are the quadratic no residues. This works in general. For a prime p there are (p-1)/2 of both residues and no residues. Cheating In 1981 R. Lipton showed for odd k, xk is a quadratic residue mod p if x is a quadratic residue mod p. So the cards whose representations are quadratic residues are still quadratic residues when they are encrypted. This allows Alice to find the cards that are residues and no residues, for the particular p used, and then choose (on average) high cards for herself and low cards for Bob. Cheat Prevention The easiest way to prevent the attack we have discussed is to only represent cards with quadratic residues. However other, more general attacks have been shown to be effective so SRA isnt a good protocol. Other protocols for the Mental Poker problem have been considered with the most successful ones using probabilistic encryption and zero knowledge proof. Crepeau solved the problem in 1987 although his protocol is not computationally feasible. Research is still going on. Conclusion Mental Poker is an important problem, both for use in the large internet poker business and as a metaphor for other multi-party computations were secrets need to be kept. It is possible to implement the SRA protocol efficiently and securely, however it has a major flaw in that it leaks one bit of information about the cards. Other protocols have been suggested with Crepeau solving the problem in 1987 although with a computationally infeasible algorithm. Bibliography http://www.ics.uci.edu/~goodrich/teach/ics247/W03/notes/poker.pdf http://www.netip.com/articles/keith/diffie-helman.htm http://www.ics.uci.edu/~goodrich/teach/ics247/W03/notes/elgamal.pdf Handbook of Applied Cryptography, by A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot, and S. Vanstone, CRC Press, 1996.

Soul Catchers :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Soul Catchers†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A most interesting film detailing the history and role of the prophet in the Jewish tradition. The first question we must explore is what a prophet is. A prophet by definition is a person who speaks by divine inspiration. Others will say that a prophet is one whose eye is open. A person who can see things that others cannot. In order to understand the prophets and their appearance in history we must first understand the politics of the times. In the eleventh century BCE Israel is divided into twelve tribes. The prophet Samuel is called upon to bring the people under one ruler or king and lead Israel into a monarchy. However this brings a major split and for the first time we find a military and political leader, the King, along with a spiritual leader, or the prophet. The prophet played the role of moral keeper and would make sure that the King was ruling justly and keeping the Law of God. Prophets began to travel in packs receiving the presence of God through trace like states. The prophet Elijah emerges out of these traveling prophets around 886 BCE and begins to speak publicly. Elijah had a big problem with the King. The Kings lady was from a pagan religion and had brought about the worship of other Gods. Elijah addresses the King publicly and challenges the other Gods to make fire. They of course can’t match the Big Guy and Elijah triumphs and rides away into the sky leaving behind his robe passing on the power of prophecy. So ends the spoken prophets. Later around 792 BCE, the writing prophets come about with the powerful speaker Amos. Amos says a bunch of things that no one wants to hear such as the downfall of Israel’s Northern Kingdom and the death of the King. Then he really upsets everyone by saying that Israel will be sent into exile. About 742 BCE the most known prophet, Isaiah comes on the scene. Now this far out guy walks the streets naked for three years telling the King not to ally with the Assyrians. He also speaks of how Jerusalem will be saved from the Assyrians. The Assyrians don’t invade Jerusalem but the Northern Kingdom is destroyed just as Amos predicted fifty years earlier. Finally one of the last and least liked of the prophets comes about around 626 BCE and his name is Jeremiah.

Outline Current Legislation Affecting the Safeguarding of Children and Young People Essay

â€Å"Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children is defined as: †¢protecting children from maltreatment †¢preventing impairment of children’s health or development †¢ensuring children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. â€Å" (Dept for Education www.education.gov.uk) There are numerous laws and guidelines in place which aim to protect children from harm, and promote their health and wellbeing. The need for improved legislation has been highlighted by high-profile cases, such as the death of Maria Colwell in 1973 and, more recently, Victoria Climbià © in 2000. These cases shocked the nation and showed weaknesses in procedures. These policies are constantly reviewed and amended so it is important to keep up to date with these changes. The Children Act 1989 This Act identifies the responsibilities of parents and professionals who must work to ensure the safety of the child. This Act includes two important sections which focus specifically on child protection. Section 47 states that the Local Authority has ‘a duty to investigate when there is a reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm’. Section 17 states that services must be put into place to ‘safeguard and promote the welfare of children within the area who are in need’. The Education Act 2002 This outlines the role of Local Education Authorities (LEAs), governing bodies, head teachers and all those working in schools to ensure that children are safe and free from harm. The Children Act 2004 This is not a replacement of the Children Act 1989. This provides the legal framework for Every Child Matters and sets out the process for providing services in a way which allows every child to achieve the five outcomes of Every Child Matters (described below). It requires local authorities to lead multi-agency children’s trusts, to develop a children and young people’s plan, and to set up a shared database containing information relevant to a child’s welfare. This allows all the organisations involved in children’s welfare to access relevant information and work together to provide the best possible service. Childcare Act 2006 This act aimed to transform early years and childcare services in England. Local authorities are required to: †¢Improve the Every Child Matters outcomes for pre-school children †¢Provide sufficient quality childcare for working parents. †¢Provide a better Parent Information Service. Every Child Matters This was launched in 2002, at least partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbià ©. It is one of the most important policy initiative and development programmes in relation to children and children’s services of the last decade. It has been the title of three government papers, leading to the Children Act 2004. Every Child Matters covers children and young adults up to the age of 19. Its main aims are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: †¢Be healthy  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Stay safe †¢Enjoy and achieve †¢Make a positive contribution †¢Achieve economic well-being Each of these themes has a detailed framework attached whose outcomes require multi-agency partnerships working together to achieve. The agencies in partnership may include children’s centres, early years, schools, children’s social services, primary and secondary health services, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHS). In the past it has been argued that children and families have received poorer services because of the failure of professionals to understand each other’s roles or to work together effectively in a multi-disciplinary manner. Every Child Matters seeks to change this, stressing that all professionals working with children should be aware of the contribution that could be made by their own and each others’ services. Protecting children from harm can be best achieved by effective joint and partnership working between agencies. Working Together to Safeguard Children This provides guidance on what you should do if you have concerns about the welfare of a child. It also recommends ways of working for people who work with young people and their families. What to do if You’re Worried a Child is Being Abused (DfES 2003) This is a guide for practitioners, helping them understand how to work together to promote children’s welfare and protect them from harm. It reinforces Every Child Matters by stressing the importance of joint working. United Nations Convention in The Rights of The Child 1989 This treaty sets out the rights and freedoms of all children in a set of 54 articles. Included in those rights are those which ensure that children are safe and looked after. Article 19 states children’s rights to be ‘protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them’. Those countries which signed up to the Treaty, including the UK in 1991, are legally bound to implement legislation which supports each of the articles.

The eNotes Blog Dantes Confession and a New Circle of Hell forProfessors

Dantes Confession and a New Circle of Hell forProfessors This week, The Chronicle of Higher Education published a lengthy confession of a man who works for a custom essay writing service. It is a growing industry, as plagiarism detectors, like turnitin.com, are increasingly being used to catch cheating in both high schools and universities. Even though the price for a customized essay is high, about $20 per page, students are willing to pay for work that earns them a good grade.   Since the work is original, it passes the plagiarism detectors and professors often cannot take action against the cheater without proof of wrongdoing. The  writer, who calls himself Ed Dante for this article,  Ã‚  is unapologetic and largely blames our educational system for failing to properly meet the needs of its students.   Two of his most frequent types of buyers are ESL students and educationally deficient students (another other group who avails themselves of his services, he says, are lazy rich kids). Dante argues: Students who come to American universities from other countries find that their efforts to learn a new language are confounded not only by cultural difficulties but also by the pressures of grading. The focus on evaluation rather than education means that those who havent mastered English must do so quickly or suffer the consequences. My service provides a particularly quick way to master English. And those who are hopelessly deficient- a euphemism, I admit- struggle with communication in general. Another reason Dante cites for choosing a non-traditional career in writing is the money.   He claims to make about $66,000 a year,   typically much more than your average humanities professor. It may not be right, it may not be fair, but its out there. What can a professor do to combat this type of cheating?

Conditioning and Learning Essay Essay Example

Conditioning and Learning Essay Essay Example Conditioning and Learning Essay Essay Conditioning and Learning Essay Essay â€Å"Learning. geting cognition or developing the ability to execute new behaviours. It is common to believe of larning as something that takes topographic point in school. but much of human larning occurs outside the schoolroom. and people continue to larn throughout their lives. † ( Gregory. 1961 ) Conditioning is the term used to denominate the types of human behavioural acquisition. Since the 1920s. conditioning has been the primary focal point of behavior research in worlds every bit good as animate beings. There are four chief types of conditioning: ? Classical Conditioning? Operant Conditioning? Multiple-Response Learning? Insight Learning. Conditioning and Learning 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Classical Conditioning â€Å"Classical conditioning. besides called associatory acquisition. is based on stimulus-response relationships. A stimulation is an object or state of affairs that elicits a response by one of our sense organs. like how a bright visible radiation makes us wink. Associative acquisition allows us to tie in two or more stimulations and alter our response to one or more of them as a consequence of coincident experience. † ( Moore. 2002 ) â€Å"According to classical conditioning. acquisition occurs when a new stimulation begins to arouse behavior similar to the behaviour produced by an old stimulation. Surveies into classical status began in the early 1900s by the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. † ( Klein. 1998 ) Pavlov trained Canis familiariss to salivate in response to two stimulations: noise or visible radiation. and nutrient or a rancid solution. The dogs’ salivation is automatically elicited by the nutrient and rancid solution. so these were called the unconditioned stimulation. However. when the noise or visible radiation ( conditional stimulation ) was repeatedly paired with the nutrient or rancid solution over an drawn-out period of clip. the Canis familiariss would finally salivate at the noise or light entirely. This is a premier illustration of a learned response. Unconditional stimulations. such as the nutrient and rancid solution. let the acquisition to happen. while besides functioning to reenforce the acquisition. Without an unconditioned stimulation in his experiment. Pavlov could non hold taught the Canis familiariss to salivate at the presence of the noise or visible radiation. Conditioning and Learning 3 Classical conditioning is peculiarly of import in understanding how people learn emotional behaviour. For illustration. when we develop a new fright. we have learned to fear a peculiar stimulation. which has been combined with another scaring stimulation. Operant Conditioning. â€Å"Operant conditioning is purposive behaviour. We learn to execute a peculiar response as a consequence of what we know will go on after we respond. † ( Blackman. 1975 ) For illustration. a kid may larn to implore for Sweets if the beggary is normally successful. There is no individual stimulation that elicits the beggary behaviour. but alternatively it occurs because the kid knows that this action may ensue in having dainties. Every clip the kid receives Sweets after imploring. the behaviour is reinforced and the inclination of the kid to implore will increase. During the 1930s. American psychologist and behaviourist Burrhus F. Skinner performed several of import experiments into operant conditioning. Using what is now termed a Skinner Box. he trained rats to press levers to have nutrient. A hungry rat would be placed in a box incorporating a particular lever attached to hide nutrient. At foremost the hungry rat would roll around the box. look intoing its milieus. Finally it would by chance press the lever thereby let go ofing a nutrient pellet into the box. At first the rat would non demo any marks of tie ining the two events. but over clip its researching behavior becomes less random as it begins to press the lever more Conditioning and Learning 4 frequently. The nutrient pellet reinforced the rat’s response of pressing the lever. so finally the rat would pass most of its clip merely sitting and pressing the lever. This type of acquisition is based on the thought that if a behaviour is rewarded. the behaviour will happen more often. There are four chief types of operant acquisition: Positive Reinforcement. Negative Reinforcement. Punishment and Omission Training. Observational Learning â€Å"When we learn accomplishments. we must foremost larn a sequence of simple movement-patterns. We combine these movement-patterns to organize new. more complicated behavioural forms with stimulations steering the procedure. † ( Domjan. 1995 ) For illustration. efficient typing requires us to set together many finger motions. which are guided by the letters or words that we want to type. We must foremost larn to type each missive. and so larn to set the motions together to type words and so phrases. To look into this type of larning. psychologists have observed animate beings larning to run through labyrinths. An animate being first wanders aimlessly through the labyrinth. sporadically coming to a choice-point. where it must turn either left or right. Merely one pick is right. but the right way can non be determined until the animate being has reached the terminal of the labyrinth. By running through the labyrinth legion times. the animate being can larn the right sequence of bends to make the terminal. It has been found that the sequences of bends near the Conditioning and Learning 5 Two terminals of the labyrinth are learned more easy than the parts near the center. Similarly. when we try to larn a list of points. we normally find the beginning and the terminal easier than the center. Insight Learning Insight refers to larning to work out a job by understanding the relationships of assorted parts of the job. Frequently insight occurs all of a sudden. such as when a individual struggles with a job for a period of clip and so all of a sudden understands its solution. Therefore insight acquisition is work outing jobs without experience. Alternatively of larning by trial-and-error. insight larning involves tests happening mentally. â€Å"In the early 1900s. Wolfgang Kohler performed insight experiments on Pan troglodytess. Kohler showed that the Pan troglodytess sometimes used insight alternatively of trial-and-error responses to work out jobs. When a banana was placed high out of range. the animate beings discovered that they could stack boxes on top of each other to make it. † ( Schwartz. 1983 ) They besides realized that they could utilize sticks to strike hard the banana down. In another experiment. a Pan troglodytes balanced a stick on terminal under a clump of bananas suspended from the ceiling. so rapidly climbed the stick to obtain the full clump intact and unbruised ( a better technique than the research workers themselves had in head ) . Kohler’s experiments showed that Primatess can both see and utilize the relationships involved to make their ends. Conditioning and Learning 6 CONCLUSION There are many differences and similarities between each of these learning procedures. For illustration. classical conditioning involves merely nonvoluntary or automatic responses where as operant conditioning involves both nonvoluntary and voluntary physiological reactions. These diverse acquisition procedures can be used independently in many different state of affairss. Where classical conditioning may be highly effectual in one state of affairs it might be uneffective in another. For this ground each of these learning procedures. classical and operant conditioning and experimental and insight acquisition are each as of import and effectual as the other. Conditioning and Learning 7 References. Kimble. Gregory: ( 1961 ) Conditioning and Learning. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Inc. John W Moore: ( 2002 ) A Neuroscientist’s Guide to Classical Conditioning. Stephen B. Klein: ( 1998 ) Contemporary Learning Theories: Pavlovian Conditioning and the Status of Traditional Learning Theory. Chap. 5 ( Perceptual and Associative Learning ) . Derek E. Blackman: ( 1975 ) Operant Conditioning: Experimental Analysis of Behaviour ( Manual of Modern Psychology ) . Michael Domjan: ( 1995 ) The Necessities of Conditioning and Learning. Tighe. Schwartz: ( 1983 ) Modern Learning Theory. Psychology of Learning and Behavior 2nd edition.

Social Equity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Equity - Assignment Example This was not a problem, except that each time the tests were conducted, results tended to be that white candidates out-performed other minority groups. This trend had sparked an outcry from citizens who construed the outcomes to be possible acts of discrimination. It the confrontation that had ensued, white Hispanics who believed they has passed the exams entered into a legal suit against the City that the results were engineered to discriminate them against the provisions of the constitution (Woods Jr and Gutzman, 2009). The District Court had initially granted summary judgment to the case and the second circuit had affirmed. In determination of the appeal, the court ad observed that Title IV prohibits any acts of employment discrimination on the basis of color, sex, race, religion or national origin under what it interpreted as disparate treatment. The court had also elaborated that other forms of employment discrimination practices include discriminative policies or any practice that succeeds in discriminating, whether intended to be so or acts so by default especially on minorities. Disparate treatment is the discriminatory act in which an employer treats other employees as lesser beings with regard to workplace dynamics (Supreme Court of the United States, 2009). The court had also observed that once a plaintiff has established a prima facie case of disparate act, then it is the duty of the employer has the burden to prove to the court that the position in question and procedures for acquisition are consistent with the necessity of the specific business in question. The court also recognized that in rare circumstances, when an employer takes an intentional course of action that directly discriminates on the basis of taking a precaution to avoid or remedying unintentional disparate impact, even then the employer must have a strong

Journey of life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journey of life - Essay Example Each family member is supportive of each other’s needs as evidenced by frequent interaction and meeting, communication, and eating together. Ever since I can remember, as a young child, we were taught to respect the older members of the family. Every member can help other one without asking to return the favor. I have therefore been brought up to show love, support, and concern for each family member and as such, the bonds we shared have continued to be strong as all siblings went through the various developmental stages. The relationships that have been established during my lifetime consisted of forming friendships in school and within the neighborhood. My parents have reminded me to choose my friends carefully since some people could make bad influences in one’s life through the activities that are shared and undertaken. Therefore, I learned to be selective of friends who make my life better through sharing productive activities and experiences that enhance learning, knowledge and assist in the development of skills and abilities. The friends developed during school years have become my constant circle of friends whom I get to interact with frequently as we all make memorable events that became basis for productive learning. From the time that I transferred and pursued my studies in the United States, the circle of friends grew larger as it comprised of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. I therefore realized that the wealth of knowledge gained from sharing experiences with diverse pe ople is more enriching and rewarding. For me the school provided the most significant impact in my life, second to my family. So far, school activities have been a positive experience since I was a very young child, until the present times. Academic events include complying with academic project, assignments, group works, joining extra-curricular activities, among others. I realized, early on, that by performing well

Innovative Organisations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Innovative Organisations - Research Paper Example Early computer-aided design (CAD) applications were direct replacements for manual drafting activities in the design process. Computing resources were derived from mainframes. There was little increase in initial drawing production efficiency, but drawing quality and clarity were greatly improved (Golish et al. 2003). The introduction of the remote workstation provided a technology platform to advance the CAE design process. Architect-engineering design services are project driven businesses. The typical project is a custom designed facility to satisfy the specific requirements of a single customer. Revenue is generated on a project-by-project basis (Kerzner 2002). It is estimated that over 35,000 firms are providers of A-E design services (Golish et al. 2003). Increased use of CAE technology will alter key financial measures used in the industry. Fig. 1 shows projected trends in TLM as CAE technology use increases (Schriener 1996). Productivity will increase and cycle time will decrease. Direct hours to produce projects will decrease and overhead costs will increase while overall design cost will decline. This cost allocation trend is consistent with that experienced in the manufacturing sector as computer-aided engineering and production methods evolved (Noori 2001). The objective of A-E design services is to interpret customer requirements for facilities and infrastructure, including performance expectations, cost, and schedule.

Compare absolute and relative morality Essay Example for Free

Compare absolute and relative morality Essay There are two types of morality, absolute morality and relative morality. An absolutist believes that certain things are always right or wrong no matter the consequences or situation, while a relativist is more concerned with outcomes and believes something is either right or wrong based in certain circumstances or situations. An absolute command is a command that is true all the time, in all places and all situations. An absolutist thinks about what is the right thing of itself, for example murder, because killing someone regardless of the consequences of an action or the results might occur. this means they approach is deontological. The system is simple and easy to apply, as a crime will be a crime regardless of the circumstances. An example is stealing, stealing is always wrong no matter the culture of the person, what the reasons were or when it happened make no difference; stealing is universally wrong and everybody knows that. There are many strengths to absolutism. firstly, because certain things are neither judged right or wrong in all situations, it makes it easier to apply than relativism. for example, in absolutism, if someone was to steal, it would be seen as wrong, while in relativism if someone steals, it might be, because they cannot afford food for their baby, so all other circumstances need to be taken into account. Also, it enable us to have a UN Declaration of human rights, as it provides a universal code to measure everything against. However, there are many weakness to absolutism as ethics are deontological which means that it pays no regard to the outcome or consequences of an action, so for example, if a poor mother stole food to feed her hungry child, this act would be judged wrong, because absolute ethics believe a crime is a crime, even though surely the stealing is for outcome and her childs life is more important. Also no one can really know what absolute morals are since all sources of morality are open up to peoples opinions and own interpretation. However relative morality judge things relative to the situation. it means there are no universally moral principles and there is no objective truth and if there is it cannot be found. There are many advantages to relativist, such as it is flexible and takes everyones opinion into account, as it is based on peoples point of view, so no one is wrong and it also takes certain circumstances into account. For example a relativist may believe abortion is wrong, but if a poor mother with hardly any money is pregnant they might allow abortion then, because it avoids the mother bringing a child into the world and giving it a bad life, so with relativism they are more concerned with the outcome. However, there are a number disadvantages to relativism, such as it is very difficult to apply, as judgements are always subjective and based and influenced by peoples thoughts, feeling and opinions, so everyones ideas of what is right and wrong will be different. Relativism is a lot more difficult to apply than absolutism. Also some acts have always wrong like genocide, so relativism doesnt allow moral progress. In conclusion, absolute ethics and relativist ethics ways of judgement are both very different, both having lots of disadvantages and advantages. however in my opinion relativist judgements are better, because they take certain situations into account and acts like abortion cannot be wrong.